The Association between the Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Isolated Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Multimarker Approach
Table 1
Comparison of personal information, clinical features, and laboratory parameters between metabolic syndrome patients and the control group.
Parameter
Metabolic syndrome
Control
value
Mean ± SD
Median, 1.Q–3.Q
Mean ± SD
Median, 1.Q–3.Q
Age, years
39.9 ± 11.7
40, 18–73
39.0 ± 9.6
40, 18–64
0.532
Gender (male/female)
25/67
—
17/72
—
0.198
Smoking,
33
—
27
—
0.429
Hypertension,
56
—
4
—
<0.001
Hyperlipidemia,
15
—
4
—
0.01
Family history,
57
—
30
—
<0.001
Waist circumference, cm
111 ± 13.6
110, 85–165
86.6 ± 12.0
85, 64–125
<0.001
BMI, kg/m2
35.0 ± 7.0
34, 21.7–58.5
25.9 ± 4.5
25, 18.3–40.1
<0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg
134.3 ± 21.9
130, 90–190
111.1 ± 13.1
110, 80–140
<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg
83.9 ± 12.0
80, 50–100
70.9 ± 9.6
70, 50–90
<0.001
Glucose, mg/dL
96.9 ± 11.4
96, 64–121
85.3 ± 10.1
86, 61–116
<0.001
TCHOL, mg/dL
188.5 ± 38.2
188, 89–279
181.2 ± 40
171, 111–292
0.077
LDL, mg/dL
110.4 ± 29.8
110, 40–186
106.3 ± 33.9
101, 36–208
0.107
HDL, mg/dL
44.2 ± 11.0
44, 23–97
51.7 ± 13.6
48, 29–101
<0.001
TG, mg/dL
181.2 ± 87.1
169, 48–525
108.3 ± 66.8
85, 20–403
<0.001
GGT, U/L
28.1 ± 18.8
22, 10–111
22.4 ± 27.9
16, 6–234
<0.001
Urea, mg/dL
27.0 ± 10.0
26, 12–88
24.6 ± 6.7
23, 12–45
0.510
Creatinine, mg/dL
0.7 ± 0.2
1, 0.4–1.3
0.7 ± 0.4
1, 0.3–3.8
0.599
Hemoglobin, g/dL
13.0 ± 1.7
13, 8.4–17.8
12.8 ± 1.5
13, 8.7–17
0.320
Insulin, mIU/mL
21.4 ± 9.2
18, 9.7–63.4
17.4 ± 98.5
7, 2.0–936
<0.001
hs-CRP, mg/L
3.9 ± 0.5
4, 3.3–6.7
0.7 ± 0.8
1, 0.3–5.9
<0.001
HOMA-IR
5.0 ± 2.2
4, 2.6–12.6
1.4 ± 0.6
1, 0.3–3.3
<0.001
TOS, mol H2O2 equivalent/L
17.3 ± 10.6
15, 7.9–91.3
10.4 ± 2.0
10, 6.1–15.9
<0.001
TAS, mol Trolox equivalent/L
1.4 ± 0.4
1, 0.4–2.4
1.0 ± 0.2
1, 0.4–1.8
<0.001
OSI, arbitrary unit
13.3 ± 8.5
10, 6.0–56.7
11.7 ± 4.0
11, 5.1–24.8
0.843
Paraoxonase-1, U/L
112.4 ± 41.8
107, 50.7–249.6
214.2 ± 21.4
212, 162.8–275.1
<0.001
Arylesterase, U/L
134.6 ± 40.6
115, 80.9–220
210.8 ± 39.5
200, 52.4–293.1
<0.001
EATT, mm
6.0 ± 2.0
1, 3–16
4.0 ± 1.0
0, 3–8
<0.001
BMI, body mass index; TCHOL, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; hsCRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; TAS, total antioxidant status; TOS, total oxidant status; OSI, oxidative stress index; EATT, epicardial adipose tissue thickness.
