Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire
Table 1
Total energy and nutrient intake means. The means of energy and nutrient intake were estimated from results of two quantitative food frequency questionnaires (QFFQ) and four 24-hour recalls (24hR) filled by adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Goiânia, Brazil, 2009.
Energy and nutrients
QFFQ ()
24hR ()
QFFQ : 24hR ratio
value
Mean
SD*
Mean
SD*
Total energy
kJ
10946.22
3673.80
7885.58
2246.09
1.39
0.0001
kcal
2616.21
878.06
1884.70
536.83
Carbohydrate (g)
312.89
109.94
199.42
63.07
1.57
0.0001
Protein (g)
114.25
45.74
92.39
32.05
1.24
0.0004
Lipid (g)
100.85
40.51
79.71
28.92
1.26
0.0001
Saturated fat (g)
29.84
12.97
23.35
8.79
1.28
0.0001
Unsaturated fat (g)
57.18
22.79
45.77
15.85
1.25
0.0001
Total cholesterol (mg)
327.53
185.21
286.15
127.75
1.14
0.0001
Dietary fibre (g)
51.88
17.37
33.08
13.43
1.57
0.0001
Vitamin C (mg)
314.62
294.94
106.59
86.77
2.95
0.0001
Calcium (mg)
983.28
699.37
542.23
299.52
1.81
0.0001
Iron (mg)
13.30
4.63
9.81
3.71
1.35
0.0001
Zinc (mg)
17.54
8.43
15.36
6.93
1.14
0.0354
*SD: standard deviation; †Student’s -test (significant if ).
