Research Article
Polymorphism in LEP and LEPR May Modify Leptin Levels and Represent Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer
Table 2
Leptin serum concentrations and LEP and LEPR SNPs genotypes compared to clinicopathological features.
| Clinical pathological features |
Leptin serum concentration (ng/mL) | | LEP
rs7799039 () | | LEP
rs2167270 () | | LEPR
rs1137101 () | | LEPR
rs1137100 () | | AA | AG | GG | AA | AG | GG | AA | AG | GG | AA | AG | GG |
| Age at time of diagnosis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ≤45 | 9.81 ± 0.58 | N.S. | 11 | 39 | 40 | N.S. | 8 | 48 | 39 | N.S. | 24 | 47 | 24 | N.S. | 65 | 20 | 3 | N.S. | >45 | 10.07 ± 0.80 | 10 | 33 | 20 | 11 | 32 | 24 | 19 | 30 | 18 | 33 | 25 | 6 | Gender | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Male | 9.88 ± 0.60 | N.S. | 17 | 57 | 44 | N.S. | 11 | 63 | 46 | N.S. | 29 | 56 | 35 | N.S. | 69 | 37 | 6 | N.S. | Female | 9.90 ± 0.80 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 18 | 3 | 1 | Smoking habit | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Smokers | 9.98 ± 0.76 | N.S. | 7 | 20 | 12 | N.S. | 2 | 18 | 20 | N.S. | 12 | 17 | 11 | N.S. | 26 | 10 | 2 | N.S. | Never smoked | 9.82 ± 0.58 | 13 | 45 | 40 | 11 | 50 | 38 | 23 | 48 | 28 | 59 | 30 | 4 | Tumour size | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <2 cm | 9.99 ± 0.58 | N.S. | 14 | 31 | 29 | N.S. | 9 | 34 | 31 | N.S. | 21 | 35 | 18 | N.S. | 44 | 21 | 5 | N.S. | 2–4 cm | 9.73 ± 0.77 | 8 | 33 | 25 | 6 | 38 | 23 | 13 | 38 | 16 | 42 | 16 | 2 | >4 cm | 9.95 ± 0.38 | 1 | 15 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 16 | 9 | 0 | Extrathyroidal invasion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yes | 9.94 ± 0.70 | N.S. | 8 | 30 | 15 | N.S. | 5 | 31 | 19 | N.S. | 16 | 22 | 17 | N.S. | 32 | 17 | 1 | N.S. | No | 9.87 ± 0.62 | 16 | 38 | 17 | 46 | 20 | 3 | 8 | 29 | 34 | 7 | 34 | 30 | Capsule | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yes | 9.80 ± 0.76 | N.S. | 8 | 17 | 14 | N.S. | 5 | 17 | 17 | N.S. | 11 | 17 | 11 | N.S. | 24 | 12 | 1 | N.S. | No | 9.96 ± 0.57 | 1 | 17 | 10 | 1 | 20 | 7 | 5 | 17 | 6 | 19 | 6 | 1 | Multifocality | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yes | 9.82 ± 0.67 | N.S. | 15 | 27 | 29 | N.S. | 9 | 34 | 29 | N.S. | 19 | 37 | 16 | N.S. | 44 | 19 | 4 | N.S. | No | 9.88 ± 0.65 | 7 | 34 | 22 | 5 | 31 | 28 | 16 | 27 | 21 | 42 | 18 | 1 | Metastasis at time of diagnosis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Present | 9.86 ± 0.83 | N.S. | 3 | 16 | 17 | N.S. | 2 | 23 | 13 | N.S. | 7 | 18 | 13 | N.S. | 24 | 9 | 3 | N.S. | Absent | 9.89 ± 0.58 | 16 | 48 | 32 | 11 | 45 | 40 | 30 | 45 | 21 | 60 | 31 | 1 | Stage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | I and II | 9.60 ± 0.74 | N.S. | 6 | 32 | 29 | N.S. | 3 | 34 | 32 | 0.043 | 19 | 29 | 21 | N.S. | 42 | 22 | 2 | N.S. | III and IV | 10.17 ± 0.75 | 2 | 16 | 5 | 4 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 13 | 4 | 13 | 9 | 0 | Thyroiditis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Present | 9.96 ± 0.64 | N.S. | 9 | 23 | 12 | N.S. | 4 | 21 | 20 | N.S. | 9 | 25 | 11 | N.S. | 28 | 11 | 2 | N.S. | Absent | 9.84 ± 0.39 | 5 | 24 | 24 | 7 | 25 | 22 | 20 | 21 | 13 | 34 | 19 | 0 | Outcome | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Disease-free | 9.88 ± 0.61 | N.S. | 14 | 43 | 28 | N.S. | 8 | 40 | 37 | N.S. | 27 | 40 | 18 | N.S. | 49 | 30 | 2 | N.S. | Recurrence | 9.89 ± 0.82 | 4 | 21 | 21 | 5 | 28 | 15 | 9 | 23 | 16 | 35 | 9 | 2 |
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N.S.: not statistically significant.
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