Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on the Fatty Acid Content of the Erythrocyte Membrane and Proteinuria in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Table 1
Clinical blood biochemical analyses of the subjects.
Olive oil ( = 8)
Omega-3 FA ( = 11)
value1
Age (years)
62.0 ± 8.6
59.2 ± 12.2
0.771
Male, (%)
5 (62.5%)
7 (63.6%)
0.960
Systolic BP
121.3 ± 14.6
120.9 ± 15.1
0.966
Diastolic BP
70.0 ± 10.7
73.6 ± 12.9
0.764
BMI
25.0 ± 2.3
25.5 ± 2.8
0.396
Glucose (mg/dL)
158.5 ± 67.6
148.5 ± 64.8
0.680
HbA1c (%)
7.2 ± 1.2
7.2 ± 0.9
0.934
BUN (mg/dL)
19.3 ± 6.1
22.1 ± 6.5
0.320
Creatinine (mg/dL)
1.2 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.2
0.116
Estimated GFR
62.7 ± 7.4
55.0 ± 8.0
0.057
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
162.5 ± 46.8
162.5 ± 36.4
0.967
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
127.0 ± 85.3
142.9 ± 66.9
0.283
HDL (mg/dL)
47.6 ± 13.7
44.7 ± 7.9
0.836
LDL (mg/dL)
88.1 ± 43.4
88.9 ± 33.4
0.934
CRP (mg/dL)
0.15 ± 0.13
0.12 ± 0.13
0.772
Spot urine PCR (g/g)
0.65 ± 0.46
0.79 ± 0.77
0.964
24 hr urine protein (g/g)
0.46 ± 0.44
0.60 ± 0.63
1.000
PGE2 (pg/mL)
1494.0 ± 489.8
1308.4 ± 526.5
0.643
NGAL (ng/mL)
30.0 ± 31.2
33.3 ± 60.9
1.000
Data are expressed as means ± SD. value for nonparametric Mann-Whitney test comparing baseline data between olive oil group and omega-3 FA group. The difference in frequency was tested using Pearson . BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCR: protein to creatinine ratio; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
