Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on the Fatty Acid Content of the Erythrocyte Membrane and Proteinuria in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Table 4
Changes in biochemical data.
Olive oil ( = 8)
Omega-3 FA ( = 11)
Baseline
12 weeks
Baseline
12 weeks
Systolic BP (mmHg)
121.3 ± 14.6
118.8 ± 14.6
120.9 ± 15.1
123.0 ± 15.7
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
70.0 ± 10.7
70.0 ± 10.7
73.6 ± 12.9
69.0 ± 8.8
BMI (kg/m2)
25.0 ± 2.3
25.2 ± 3.1
25.5 ± 2.8
25.4 ± 2.7
Glucose (mg/dL)
158.5 ± 67.6
121.4 ± 50.7*
148.5 ± 64.8
128.9 ± 41.8
HbA1c (%)
7.2 ± 1.2
7.0 ± 1.1
7.2 ± 0.9
7.3 ± 1.0
BUN (mg/dL)
19.3 ± 6.1
21.8 ± 6.7
22.1 ± 6.5
22.0 ± 4.8
Creatinine (mg/dL)
1.2 ± 0.2
1.2 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.3
Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
62.7 ± 7.4
63.4 ± 8.4
55.0 ± 8.0
59.2 ± 10.8
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
162.5 ± 46.8
151.3 ± 42.3*
162.5 ± 36.4
161.8 ± 32.7
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
127.0 ± 85.3
113.8 ± 61.3
142.9 ± 66.9
122.9 ± 52.4
HDL (mg/dL)
47.6 ± 13.7
46.3 ± 12.3
44.7 ± 7.9
45.3 ± 11.6
LDL (mg/dL)
88.1 ± 43.4
79.1 ± 39.8*
88.9 ± 33.4
88.7 ± 31.3
CRP (mg/dL)
0.15 ± 0.13
0.12 ± 0.10
0.12 ± 0.13
0.18 ± 0.20
Spot urine PCR (g/g)
0.65 ± 0.46
0.66 ± 0.46
0.79 ± 0.77
0.73 ± 0.67
24 hr urine protein (g/g)
0.46 ± 0.44
0.47 ± 0.41
0.60 ± 0.63
0.69 ± 0.65
PGE2 (pg/mL)
1494.0 ± 489.8
1355.0 ± 440.1
1308.4 ± 526.5
1548.4 ± 541.8
NGAL (ng/mL)
30.0 ± 31.2
38.5 ± 35.9
33.3 ± 60.9
24.6 ± 18.9
Data are expressed as means ± SD. The nonparametric Wilcoxon exact rank sum test was used to compare baseline data with 12 weeks data. value <0.05 (mean values are significantly different from baseline). BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCR: protein to creatinine ratio; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
