Four-Point Preprandial Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose for the Assessment of Glycemic Control and Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Insulin and Vildagliptin

Table 1

Indices of glycemic control quality and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes after placebo and after vildagliptin (data are mean ± SE). For the explanation of the various indices see the Methods section.

	Placebo	Vildagliptin	value
Indices of glycemic control quality
Mean (mmol/L)	8.11 ± 0.25	7.36 ± 0.23	<0.0001
Maximum (mmol/L)	16.37 ± 1.80	13.54 ± 0.66	0.007
Minimum (mmol/L)	3.76 ± 0.20	3.66 ± 0.19	0.37
50th percentile (median) (mmol/L)	7.82 ± 0.25	7.13 ± 0.24	0.0001
Percentage below target (3.9 mmol/L) (%)	2.0 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 0.9	0.055
Percentage in target (3.9–11.1 mmol/L) (%)	86.1 ± 2.4	89.8 ± 2.2	0.062
Percentage above target (11.1 mmol/L) (%)	11.9 ± 2.3	7.0 ± 2.0	0.002
GRADE (unitless)	6.61 ± 0.59	5.17 ± 0.52	<0.0001
M-VALUE (unitless)	6.22 ± 1.18	4.97 ± 0.95	0.004
Hypoglycemia index (unitless)	7.67 ± 1.45	5.66 ± 1.07	0.093
Hyperglycemia index (unitless)	1.97 ± 0.20	1.61 ± 0.20	0.002
IGC (unitless)	9.81 ± 1.32	7.32 ± 1.04	0.059
LBGI (unitless)	0.64 ± 0.15	1.03 ± 0.20	0.002
HBGI (unitless)	4.57 ± 0.66	3.12 ± 0.56	<0.0001
ADRR (unitless)	45.0 ± 7.3	35.5 ± 3.8	0.043
Indices of glycemic variability
Standard deviation (mmol/L)	2.27 ± 0.21	2.00 ± 0.17	0.015
Interquartile range (mmol/L)	2.87 ± 0.24	2.68 ± 0.26	0.092
CONGA (mmol/L)	3.12 ± 0.29	2.71 ± 0.22	0.011
J-INDEX (10^−3 (mmol/L)^2)	0.12 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	<0.0001
MAGE (mmol/L)	4.80 ± 0.48	4.16 ± 0.33	0.010
MAGE (pos.) (mmol/L)	4.82 ± 0.48	4.20 ± 0.32	0.020
MAGE (neg.) (mmol/L)	4.77 ± 0.47	4.13 ± 0.35	0.007