International Journal of Endocrinology

Clinical Study

Temozolomide Therapy for Aggressive Pituitary Tumors: Results in a Small Series of Patients from Argentina

Table 3

Literature update on aggressive pituitary adenomas and carcinomas.


Author, year reference	Sex/age	Tumor type	Ki67 (%)	MGMT	TMZ (mg/m²) & schedule (no. cycles)	MRI (% shrinkage)	Clinical outcome

Thearle et al., 2011 [16]	M/50	ACTH SA Ad → Ca → NS	31	NA	200 × 5/28 + CAP (4)	Reduced (75)	Death

Dillard et al., 2011 [17]	M/56	ACTH Ad	5-6	NA	150–200 × 5/28 (4)	Reduced (60)	CR

Annamalai et al., 2012 [18]	M/65	ACTH Ca	5–15	Low	200 × 5/28 (15)	PR of METS	“Remained well”

Moshkin et al., 2011 [19]	M/46	ACTH SA Ad → Ca	1–5	(+)	200 × 5/28 (16)	No change	Progression

Zacharia et al., 2014 [20]	M/50	ACTH Ad	<5	(−)	150, 5/28 + CAP (30)	SD	PR
	F/46	ACTH Ad	15–20	(−)	150, 5/28 + CAP (32)	CR	CR
	M/44	ACTH Ad	<5	(−)	150, 5/28 (45) + CAP + A-SST	CR	CR

Raverot et al., 2010 [21]	M/31	ACTH Ca → NS	20	50 (+)	150–200 × 5/28	No change	NA
	M/49	ACTH Ad	20	<1	150–200 × 5/28	No change	NA
	M/38	ACTH Ca	10	30 (+)	150–200 × 5/28	SR	“Significant response”
	F/42	ACTH Ad	0.5	0	150–200 × 5/28	SR	“Significant response”
	M/32	PRL Ca	NA	NA	150–200 × 5/28 (24)	Reduced (60), disappearance of METS	NA
	M/52	PRL Ad	0.5	30	150–200 × 5/28 (8)	No change	NA
	M/54	PRL Ca	1	0	150–200 × 5/28 (5)	No change	NA
	F/30	PRL Ca	10	100	150–200 × 5/28 (3)	No change	NA

Bush et al., 2010 [22]	NA	Null cell Ad	<3	—	75 × 21/7 (10)	Reduced (20)	Stable
	NA	ACTH Ad	18	<10	75 × 21/28 (11)	Reduced (80)	“Improved”
	NA	NF Ad	<3	10–50	75 × 21/(13)	SD	SD
	NA	Null cell Ad	6	>50	75 × 21/7 (10)	SD	SD
	NA	PRL Ad	NA	<10	75 × 21/7 (11)	Reduced (80)	“Improved”
	NA	Null cell Ca	>20	>50	75 × 21/7 (2)	SD × 2 months	NA
	NA	Null cell Ca	>20	<10	75 × 21/7 (7)	Progression	Death

Hirohata et al., 2013 [23]	M/59	NF Ca	74.6	(+)	150–200 × 5/28 (5)	PR	NA
	F/42	ACTH Ca	3.4	(−)	150–200 × 5/28 (7)	PR	NA
	F/60	PRL Ca	18.7	(−)	150–200 × 5/28 (13)	CR	NA
	M/23	NF Ca	2.5	(+)	150–200 × 5/28 (7)	SD	NA
	F/53	ACTH Ca (Crooke cell)	2.0	(+)	150–200 × 5/28 (20)	CR	NA
	F/60	PRL Ca	27.8	(+)	150–200 × 5/28 (12)	PR	NA
	M/57	ACTH Ca	10	(+)	150–200 × 5/28 (8)	SD	NA
	F/73	NF Ca	5.6	(−)	150–200 × 5/28 (22)	PR	NA
	M/60	PRL Ca	40.2	(−)	150–200 × 5/28 (24)	PR	NA
	F/61	NF Ca	12.2	(+)	75 × 6 weeks + RT	Progression	NA
	F/66	PRL Ad	9.4	(−)	75 × 6 weeks + RT	CR	NA
	F/49	PRL Ad	3.9	(−)	NA (3)	Progression	NA
	F/45	ACTH Ad (Crooke cell)	46.8	(+)	150–200 × 5/28 (11)	PR	NA

Losa et al., 2010 [24]	M/64	ACTH Ad	NA	NA	150–200 × 5/28	Progression	Death
	M/52	ACTH Cd	1	(−)	150–200 × 5/28	“Response”	Required GC therapy
	F/55	ACTH Ad → NS	5	(−)	150–200 × 5/28	SD	NA
	F/53	ACTH Ad	2.5	(+)	150–200 × 5/28	Progression	No change
	M/62	PRL Ad	9	(−)	150–200 × 5/28	SD	NA
	F/57	PRL Ad	NA	Noninformative	150–200 × 5/28	“Response”	“Improved”

Moyes et al., 2009 [25]	F/64	ACTH Ad → NS	“High”	(−)	200 × 5/28 (6)	“Marked shrinkage”	“Improved”

Takeshita et al., 2009 [26]	F/46	ACTH Ca → NS	~3	<5 (−)	150–200 × 5/28 (23)	CR tumor + METS	Required GC therapy

Curtò et al., 2010 [27]	M/42	ACTH Ca	2–18	<5 (−)	150–200 × 5/28 (17)	Reduced (>90)	“Improved”

Mohammed et al., 2009 [28]	F/43	ACTH Ad	NA	(−)	150–200 × 5/28 (12)	PR	“Improved”
Mohammed et al., 2009 [28]	M/60	ACTH Ca → NS	NA	(+)	150–200 × 5/28 (12)	PR	“Improved”

Bode et al., 2010 [29]	NA	ACTH Ca → NS	NA	NA	150 × 5/28	PR	NA

Jouanneau et al., 2012 [30]	NA	SA → Ca	NA	NA	200 × 5/28	NR	NA

Asimakopoulou et al., 2014 [31]	F/55	ACTH Ad (Crooke cell)	1	NA	150–200 × 5/28	CR	CR

Bengtsson et al., 2015 [32]	F/71	ACTH Ad	50	90	150–200 × 5/28	SD	NA
	F/31	GH Ad	7	9–100	150–200 × 5/28 (6)	Reduced (50)	Regrowth after TMZ stop
	F/13	GH Ad	5	95	150–200 × 5/28	NA	NA
	M/33	PRL-GH Ad	23	10	150–200 × 5/28 (3)	Reduced (35)	SD 25 months after TMZ
	M/22	PRL Ad	8	90	150–200 × 5/28 (15)	Reduced (25)	Death
	M/34	PRL Ad	6	9–100	150–200 × 5/28 (4)	Stable 40 m after TMZ	PR
	M/45	PRL Ad	2	100	150–200 × 5/28 (5)	Progression	PR
	M/55	PRL Ad	10	20	150–200 × 5/28 (11)	Reduced (66)	Death
	M/60	PRL Ad	2	9	150–200 + CAB (21)	Reduced (80)	Death
	M/68	PRL Ad	NA		150–200 × 5/28	Progression	Death
	M/23	PRL Ad	41	100	150–200 × 5/28 (4)	Progression	Death
	M/22	NF Ad	2	9	150–200 × 5/28 (12)	Reduced (55)	SD 69 m after TMZ
	M/45	NF Ad	2	100	150–200 × 5/28 (18)	Reduced (28)	NA
	F/52	NF Ad	10	90	150–200 × 5/28 (5)	Progression	Death
	M/59	NF Ad	10	90	150–200 × 5/28 (6)	Progression	Death
	M/57	NF Ad	3.3	95	150–200 × 5/28	Progression	Death
	M/51	ACTH Ca	80	0–60	150–200 × 5/28	NA	Death
	M/62	ACTH Ca (NS)	10	95	150–200 × 5/28	NA	Lost to follow-up
	M/70	ACTH Ca	70	9	150–200 × 5/28	NA	NA
	M/46	GH Ca	60	90	150–200 × 5/28	NA	Death
	F/40	GH Ca	20	9	150–200 × 5/28	CR	CR after 48 months
	F/49	PRL-GH Ca	5	9	150–200 × 5/28	CR	CR after 91 months
	F/32	PRL Ca	20	50	150–200 × 5/28	NA	Death
	F/59	PRL Ca	10	NA	150–200 × 5/28	NA	PR

Vieira Neto et al., 2013 [33]	F/54	GH S Ca	2.6	68	150–200 × 5/28	SD	NA

Morokuma et al., 2012 [34]	M/58	NF Ca/NEM-1	7.6	(−)	75/d × 42 days; then 192 × 5/28 + RT (20)	“Visibly declined”	“Improved”

Zhong et al., 2014 [35]	F/30	NF Ad	20	NA	200/d × 5/4 consecutive weeks/2 months + RT (4)	CR	NA

Syro et al., 2009 [36]	M/70	Gn Ad	2–6	30–>50	200 × 5/28 (6)	“Minor reduction” and intratumoral necrosis	Death

Hagen et al., 2009 [37]	F/48	PRL Ad to mixed PRL-GH Ad to Ca	5	(−)	150–200 + CAB/STT-A	Reduced (62)	“Improved”
	M/60	PRL Ad	~2	(−)	150–200 + CAB	Reduced (80)	“Improved”
	M/20	NF Ad	~2	Few (+)	150–200	Reduced (55)	“Improved”

Mendola et al., 2014 [38]	M/58	NS Ca	10	NA	160 × 5/28 (1)	No	No change

Strowd et al., 2015 [39]	F/44	PRL Ad	NA	NA	150–200 × 5/28 (3 months)	“Reduction in tumor size”	PR

Ceccato et al., 2015 [40]	F/67	NF Ad	<3	NA	150–200 × 5/28	Progression	No change
	F/39	GH Ad	<3	NA	150–200 × 5/28	Progression	No change
	M/40	NF Ad	<3	NA	150–200 × 5/28	Decreased (49)	NA
	M/32	ACTH Ad	<3	NA	150–200 × 5/28	Decreased (63)	No change
	M/47	NF Ad → ACTH	<3	NA	150–200 × 5/28 + pasireotide	Decreased (21)	No change

Philippon et al., 2012 [41]	M/41	PRL Ca/MEN-1	NA	NA	200 × 5/28 (24)	Decreased (62)	“Improved”

Fadul et al., 2006 [42]	M/38	NF Ca	1	NA	200 × 5/23 (12)	PR	PR
Fadul et al., 2006 [42]	M/26	PRL Ca	10		200 × 5/23 (10)	PR	PR

Kovacs et al., 2007 [43]	M/46	PRL Ca	40–60	NA	200 × 5/28 (7)	“Shrinkage”	“Improved”

Cornell et al., 2013 [44]	M/40	ACTH Ad	5–7	NA	200 × 5/28 (3)	Progression	No change

Phillips et al., 2012 [45]	M/25	PRL Ad	23	NA	350 × 5 (1)	No change	Death

Rotondo et al., 2012 [46]	F/49	Crooke cell Ad	5–8	(−)	85 p.o daily + SRT	NA	NA

Arnold et al., 2012 [47]	F/61	ACTH Ca	NA	NA	NA (12)	“Resolved”	PR

Morin et al., 2012 [48]	M/22	GH Ad	3-4	NA	200 × 5/28 (5)	No change	Increased signs

Whitelaw et al., 2012 [49]	M/34	PRL Ad	15	(−)	200 × 5/28 (6)	“Dramatic reduction”	“Significant improvement”
	M/32	PRL Ad	8	(−)	200 × 5/28 (6)	“Substantial reduction”	“Significant improvement”
	M/13	PRL Ad	4	(−)	200 × 5/28 (12)	PR	PR

Ersen et al., 2012 [50]	NA	Gn Ad	NA	Two zones: (−) and (+), 60%	200 × 5/28 (14)	SD	“Clinical improvement”

Scheithauer et al., 2012 [51]	F/13 months	Pituitary blastoma	NA	Varied from 40 to 60%	100 × 5/28 (12 + 6)	Progression	NA

Ortiz et al., 2012 [52]	M/38	ACTH Ad → Ca	NA	High	200 × 5/28 (8)	No change	Progression

Batisse et al., 2013 [53]	M/47	GH Ad	(−)	High	200 × 5/28 (3)	Progression	No significant response

Bruno et al., 2015 [4]	F/52	ACTH Ad	6	(−)	150–200 × 5/28 (29)	CR	CR
Bruno et al., 2015 [4]	F/42	ACTH Ad	4	(−)	150–200 × 5/28 (12)	CR	CR

Ad: adenoma; Ca: carcinoma; SA: silent adenoma; NS: Nelson’s syndrome; NF: nonfunctioning; PRL: lactotrope; ACTH: corticotrope; GH: somatotrope; Gn: gonadotrope; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NA: not available; RT: radiotherapy; CR: complete response; PR: partial response; SR: “significant” reduction; METS: metastases; SD: stable disease; CAB: cabergoline; STT-A: somatostatin agonist; CAP: capecitabine; →: change; (og): ongoing.