The Estimation of First-Phase Insulin Secretion by Using Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Population

Table 2

Demographic data of normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and diabetes groups.

	Normal glucose tolerance	Prediabetes	Diabetes
	51	40	95
Age (y)	42.5 ± 17.2^2,3	54.4 ± 11.9^1	53.7 ± 10.3^1
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	26.1 ± 5.9	24.9 ± 3.1	25.1 ± 3.5
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	118.1 ± 10.9	121.0 ± 14.7	121.9 ± 14.9
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	74.0 ± 6.8	76.1 ± 8.5	76.4 ± 8.5
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.2 ± 0.6	1.4 ± 0.6	1.4 ± 0.6
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.1 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	4.6 ± 0.5^2,3	6.4 ± 0.4^1,3	9.9 ± 2.2^1,2
Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L)	49.5 (9.3–81.1)	25.5 (7.5–61.7)	23.0 (14.4–44.3)
First-phase insulin secretion (U/min)	517.5 (183.0–5144.7)^2,3	123.6 (35.5–390.7)^1	37.8 (11.6–158.3)^1
Insulin sensitivity (10^−4⋅min^−1⋅pmol^−1⋅L^−1)	0.8 (0.2–3.2)	1.9 (0.6–4.4)	1.4 (0.6–2.9)
Disposition index	893.9 (240.0–2447.1)^2,3	54.8 (21.7–894.6)^1	40.7 (8.3–182.5)^1
Glucose effectiveness (10^−2⋅dL⋅min^−1⋅kg^−1)	0.020 ± 0.010^2,3	0.014 ± 0.008^1	0.014 ± 0.010^1
HOMA-IR	1.7 (0.4–2.7)	1.3 (0.3–3.1)	1.7 (0.8–3.3)
HOMA-	134.0 (27.9–352.4)^2,3	29.0 (10.4–72.6)^1,3	13.0 (6.2–26.4)^1,2

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR and HOMA-: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and -cell function.
value < 0.05 when compared with “Normal glucose tolerance” group; value < 0.05 when compared with “Pre-diabetes” group; value < 0.05 when compared with “diabetes” group.