|
| Reference | Study drug | Study population and design | Study duration | Study findings |
|
| Chen et al. [109] | Gliclazide 30–90 g/day | 33 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM versus
25 nondiabetic patients in the control group | 12 weeks | ↑ EPC count
↑ flow mediated dilatation
↓ some markers of oxidative stress in study group |
|
| Chen et al. [108] | Gliclazide (30–60 g/day) and metformin (250–1000 mg/day) versus metformin (500–2500 mg/day) | 47 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, randomized trial | 16 weeks | more profound ↑ EPC count and function with combination treatment |
|
| Liao et al. [107] | Metformin (1700–2550 mg/day) | 46 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM versus 51 healthy controls | 16 weeks | ↑ EPC count in both groups
T2DM patients had a lower EPC count throughout the study
↑ FMD changed in both groups |
|
| Werner et al. [110] | Pioglitazone 45 mg/day versus placebo | 54 patients without T2DM, with stable CAD, randomized trial | 30 days | ↑ EPC count
↑ migratory activity of EPCs
↑ clonogenic potential of EPCs after pioglitazone treatment |
|
| Wang et al. [111] | Pioglitazone 30 mg/day | 24 patients with T2DM receiving pioglitazone versus 12 patients with T2DM receiving metformin, randomized trial | 8 weeks | ↑ EPC count and homing and decreased ↓ EPC apoptosis,
↓ hsCRP, ↓ triglycerides, ↓ LDL, ↑ HDL cholesterol, and ↑ insulin sensitivity after pioglitazone treatment
No change in FMD |
|
| Makino et al. [112] | Pioglitazone (15–30 mg/day) | 34 patients with T2DM | 24 weeks | ↑ EPC count
↑adiponectin
↓ hsCRP |
|
| Esposito et al. [113] | Pioglitazone (15–45 mg/day) versus metformin (1000–2000 mg/day) | 110 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, randomized trial | 24 weeks | More profound ↑ EPC count
↑ weight
↑ HDL
↑ adiponectin
↓ CRP
↓ triglycerides in patients receiving pioglitazone |
|
| Kampoli et al. [106] | Pioglitazone (15 m/day) versus perindopril (4 mg/day) | 50 patients with T2DM, randomized trial | 1 month | No effect on EPC count
Improved markers of inflammation and oxidative stress |
|
| Fadini et al. [114] | Sitagliptin 100 mg/day versus no additional treatment | 16 patients with T2DM receiving sitagliptin,
16 patients with T2DM with no additional treatment, controlled, nonrandomized trial | 4 weeks | ↑ EPC count
↑ SDF-1α in the study group |
|
| Nakamura et al. [115] | Sitagliptin (50 m/day) versus voglibose (0,6 mg/day) | 66 patients with T2DM,
31 patients with T2DM, receiving sitagliptin,
35 patients with T2DM receiving voglibose | 12 weeks | ↑ EPC count with sitagliptin
↑ FMD in both groups, no difference between groups |
|
| Fadini et al. [116] | Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine | 42 patients with T2DM and macroangiopathy, randomized crossover study | 6 months | ↑ EPC count increased between month 3 and month 6 in both groups
↑ weight gain and ↑ hypoglycemic events with glargine |
|
