Evidence of Insulin Resistance and Other Metabolic Alterations in Boys with Duchenne or Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Table 3

Characteristics of patients and cellular localization of molecules involved in glucose metabolism.

	Patient 3	Patient 4	Patient 5	Patient 6	Patient 7
Variable
Age (years)	11.2	8.07	6.2	6.48	11.2
Age of onset (years)	1.5	2	5	1.5	3
Wheelchair; dependency	No	No	No	No	No
Exon deleted	48	45	45, 47, 48	44	45, 48
Dys C	+ − −	− − −	+ + +	+ − −	+ + −
Dys N	+ − −	+ − −	+ + −	+ − −	+ − −
Insulin (U/mL)	32.1	6.4	27.5	10.09	38.9
Glucose (mg/dL)	90.6	88.4	102.3	100.5	84.5
HOMA-IR	9.8	1.41	7.4	2.51	8.1

A subjective value was assigned (normal + + +, decreased + + −, considerably decreased + − −, and absent − − −) to describe staining indicating the presence of dystrophin. ND: not detected by multiplex PCR; GLUT4: glucose transporter 4; Dys-C: dystrophin C-terminus; Dys-N: dystrophin N-terminus; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance.