Sexual Dimorphisms of Adrenal Steroids, Sex Hormones, and Immunological Biomarkers and Possible Risk Factors for Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis
Table 7
Linear regression of standardized immunologic and steroidal variables.
Sex of subjects and independent variables in pairs
Subjects in models
Dependent variables in pairs of linear regression models
IL-1 beta
IL-1ra
Adione
Test
Cortisol
Beta
Beta
Beta
Beta
Beta
Female subjects
Age
Pre-RA
−0.390
0.037
0.349
0.115
−0.538
0.002
0.054
0.799
0.027
0.913
CN
−0.182
0.028
0.052
0.528
−0.350
<0.001
−0.002
0.983
0.160
0.107
IL-1 beta
Pre-RA
—
—
0.282
0.066
−0.004
0.984
0.425
0.029
0.221
0.341
CN
—
—
0.539
<0.001
0.004
0.959
−0.104
0.204
0.266
0.009
IL-1ra
Pre-RA
0.385
0.066
—
—
0.233
0.126
−0.291
0.085
−0.069
0.730
CN
0.531
<0.001
—
—
0.152
0.034
0.047
0.573
−0.243
0.017
Androstenedione
Pre-RA
−0.004
0.984
0.327
0.126
—
—
0.203
0.212
0.091
0.524
CN
0.005
0.959
0.213
0.034
—
—
0.485
<0.001
0.092
0.122
Testosterone
Pre-RA
0.350
0.029
−0.328
0.085
0.253
0.212
—
—
−0.121
0.446
CN
−0.112
0.204
0.049
0.573
0.638
<0.001
—
—
−0.031
0.650
Cortisol
Pre-RA
0.137
0.341
−0.058
0.730
0.151
0.524
−0.161
0.446
—
—
CN
0.184
0.009
−0.166
0.017
0.188
0.122
−0.048
0.650
—
—
Variances explained‡
Pre-RA
0.420
0.208
0.436
0.296
0.063
CN
0.359
0.369
0.549
0.406
0.075
Male subjects
Age
Pre-RA
0.254
0.295
−0.355
0.173
−0.386
0.063
0.027
0.913
0.132
0.623
CN
−0.130
0.303
−0.127
0.319
−0.177
0.058
0.160
0.107
0.128
0.193
IL-1 beta
Pre-RA
—
—
−0.162
0.545
0.381
0.131
−0.046
0.895
0.320
0.306
CN
—
—
−0.023
0.854
0.045
0.630
−0.122
0.304
−0.055
0.572
IL-1ra
Pre-RA
−0.193
0.545
—
—
−0.337
0.145
−0.243
0.436
0.309
0.279
CN
−0.023
0.854
—
—
−0.013
0.886
0.098
0.405
−0.018
0.853
Androstenedione
Pre-RA
0.472
0.131
−0.498
0.145
—
—
0.089
0.694
0.202
0.401
CN
0.080
0.630
−0.024
0.886
—
—
0.199
0.035
0.599
<0.001
Testosterone
Pre-RA
−0.033
0.895
−0.212
0.436
0.150
0.694
—
—
0.428
0.160
CN
−0.131
0.304
0.107
0.405
0.329
0.035
—
—
−0.051
0.736
Cortisol
Pre-RA
0.271
0.306
0.313
0.279
0.294
0.401
0.369
0.160
—
—
CN
−0.089
0.572
−0.029
0.853
0.656
<0.001
−0.034
0.736
—
—
Variances explained
Pre-RA
0.535
0.445
0.624
0.363
0.451
CN
0.041
0.027
0.462
0.112
0.411
Bivariate correlations of paired variables sequentially encountered in the first review of linear regressions were entered in the upper panel and the alternative correlations of the respective pairs were entered in the lower panel; all 10 paired correlational values are equal in the upper and lower panels. Model sample sizes are female pre-RA = 36; CN = 144; male pre-RA = 18; and CN = 72. Variances ( square) explained for the column variables as dependent outcomes in the 20 sex and subject models.