Sexual Dimorphisms of Adrenal Steroids, Sex Hormones, and Immunological Biomarkers and Possible Risk Factors for Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 7

Linear regression of standardized immunologic and steroidal variables.

Sex of subjects and independent variables in pairs	Subjects in models	Dependent variables in pairs of linear regression models
		IL-1 beta		IL-1ra		Adione		Test		Cortisol
		Beta		Beta		Beta		Beta		Beta
Female subjects
Age	Pre-RA	−0.390	0.037	0.349	0.115	−0.538	0.002	0.054	0.799	0.027	0.913
	CN	−0.182	0.028	0.052	0.528	−0.350	<0.001	−0.002	0.983	0.160	0.107
IL-1 beta	Pre-RA	—	—	0.282	0.066	−0.004	0.984	0.425	0.029	0.221	0.341
	CN	—	—	0.539	<0.001	0.004	0.959	−0.104	0.204	0.266	0.009
IL-1ra	Pre-RA	0.385	0.066	—	—	0.233	0.126	−0.291	0.085	−0.069	0.730
	CN	0.531	<0.001	—	—	0.152	0.034	0.047	0.573	−0.243	0.017
Androstenedione	Pre-RA	−0.004	0.984	0.327	0.126	—	—	0.203	0.212	0.091	0.524
	CN	0.005	0.959	0.213	0.034	—	—	0.485	<0.001	0.092	0.122
Testosterone	Pre-RA	0.350	0.029	−0.328	0.085	0.253	0.212	—	—	−0.121	0.446
	CN	−0.112	0.204	0.049	0.573	0.638	<0.001	—	—	−0.031	0.650
Cortisol	Pre-RA	0.137	0.341	−0.058	0.730	0.151	0.524	−0.161	0.446	—	—
	CN	0.184	0.009	−0.166	0.017	0.188	0.122	−0.048	0.650	—	—
Variances explained^‡	Pre-RA	0.420		0.208		0.436		0.296		0.063
	CN	0.359		0.369		0.549		0.406		0.075
Male subjects
Age	Pre-RA	0.254	0.295	−0.355	0.173	−0.386	0.063	0.027	0.913	0.132	0.623
	CN	−0.130	0.303	−0.127	0.319	−0.177	0.058	0.160	0.107	0.128	0.193
IL-1 beta	Pre-RA	—	—	−0.162	0.545	0.381	0.131	−0.046	0.895	0.320	0.306
	CN	—	—	−0.023	0.854	0.045	0.630	−0.122	0.304	−0.055	0.572
IL-1ra	Pre-RA	−0.193	0.545	—	—	−0.337	0.145	−0.243	0.436	0.309	0.279
	CN	−0.023	0.854	—	—	−0.013	0.886	0.098	0.405	−0.018	0.853
Androstenedione	Pre-RA	0.472	0.131	−0.498	0.145	—	—	0.089	0.694	0.202	0.401
	CN	0.080	0.630	−0.024	0.886	—	—	0.199	0.035	0.599	<0.001
Testosterone	Pre-RA	−0.033	0.895	−0.212	0.436	0.150	0.694	—	—	0.428	0.160
	CN	−0.131	0.304	0.107	0.405	0.329	0.035	—	—	−0.051	0.736
Cortisol	Pre-RA	0.271	0.306	0.313	0.279	0.294	0.401	0.369	0.160	—	—
	CN	−0.089	0.572	−0.029	0.853	0.656	<0.001	−0.034	0.736	—	—
Variances explained	Pre-RA	0.535		0.445		0.624		0.363		0.451
	CN	0.041		0.027		0.462		0.112		0.411

Bivariate correlations of paired variables sequentially encountered in the first review of linear regressions were entered in the upper panel and the alternative correlations of the respective pairs were entered in the lower panel; all 10 paired correlational values are equal in the upper and lower panels.
Model sample sizes are female pre-RA = 36; CN = 144; male pre-RA = 18; and CN = 72.
Variances ( square) explained for the column variables as dependent outcomes in the 20 sex and subject models.