Review Article
Gender, Estrogen, and Obliterative Lesions in the Lung
Table 2
Models of PAH that support female sex bias and/or detrimental effect of estrogen.
| Model | Species | Findings | References |
| Chronic Hx + E2 | Rat | Female develops hypoxic pulmonary hypertension; E2 detrimental | [89, 90] | SuHx | Rat, mouse | Male and female develop PAH; aromatase inhibition protective | [32, 92, 93] | Dexfenfluramine | Mouse | Female only develops PAH; Ovx protective | [95] | 4,4′-Methylenedianiline | Rat | Female only develops PAH | [62] | Mts1+ | Mouse | PAH in female > male Ovx protective | [96] | SERT+ | Mouse | Female only develops PAH Ovx protective; E2 detrimental | [97] |
|
|
Hx: Hypoxia; E2: 17β-Estradiol; SuHx: Sugen 5416 plus hypoxia; Mts1+: Overexpression of calcium-binding protein S100A4/Mts1; SERT+: Overexpression of serotonin transporter; Ovx: Ovariectomized.
|