|
| Gene | Chromosomal location | Variants | Associated risk/remarks | Reference |
|
| Advanced glycation end receptor (AGER) | 6p21.32 | rs1800624 | Higher risk/defective inflammatory pathways | [22] |
| Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) | 3p25.2 | rs1801282 | Higher risk/defective inflammatory pathways | [27] |
| Bradykinin receptor B2 (BDKRB2) | 14q32.2 | rs1799722 | Higher risk/defective inflammatory pathways/African-Americans | [29] |
| Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11 (KCNJ11) | 11p15.1 | E23K, G>A rs5219 | Higher risk/Chinese population/altered signaling pathways | [23] |
| CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1) | 6p22.3 | rs7756992 | Higher risk/Chinese population | [23] |
| Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) | 10q25.2-q25.3 | rs7903146 | Higher risk/Chinese population | [23] |
| Methylenetetrahydro folate reductase (MTHFR) | 1p36.22 | C677T rs1801133 | Higher risk/altered folate metabolism | [24] |
| Apolipoprotein E (APOE) | 19q13.32 | ε4 allele- rs429358 rs7412 | Higher risk/altered lipid metabolism | [25] |
| Adrenoceptor alpha 2B (ADRA2B) | 2q11.2 | 12Glu9 rs879255577 | Higher risk/defects in regulation of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves | [26] |
| microRNA 146a (MIR146a) | 5q33.3 | rs2910164 (G>C) | Lower risk | [49] |
| microRNA128a (MIR128a) | 2q21.3 | rs11888095 (C>T) | Higher risk | [49] |
| High mobility group box 1 pseudogene 46 (HMGB1P46) | 8q23.1 | rs6986153 | Males/higher risk | [39] |
| Zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 20 (ZSCAN20) | 1p35.1 | rs71647933 | Females/higher risk | [39] |
| Serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) | 7q22.1 | rs1799768 | Progressive type of DPN | [40] |
| Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) | 17q21.33 | rs734194 | Progressive type of DPN | [43] |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) | 17q23.3 | rs1799752
diallelic polymorphism: presence/absence of 287bp in intron 16 Heterozygous D/I Homozygous D/D | Japanese population
Lower risk
Higher risk | [45] |
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B (AKR1B1) | 7q33 | rs5053 rs759853 | Higher risk/altered glucose metabolism | [47] |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | 6p21.1 | C936T/rs3025039 rs2010963 rs699947 | Higher risk | [52] |
| Cytochrome b-245 alpha chain (CYBA) | 16q24.2 | C242T rs4673 | Higher risk | [52] |
| Heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (HSPA5) | 9q33.3 | Promoter region 57168556T>C rs391957 | Higher risk | [54] |
| Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) | 3q27.3 | 45T/G rs2241766 | Higher risk | [56, 57] |
| 276G/T rs1501299 | Higher risk |
|
