| Study | Country | Sample size | Diet composition (protein : fat : CHO) (%) | Relevant outcomes | Mean age (years) | Mean BMI (baseline) | Duration | Trial group | Control group | Trial group | Control group | Trial group | Control group | Trial group | Control group |
| Yuan et al. [10] | China | 101 | 50 | 40–45 : 30–35 : 20–25 | 25–30 : 30 : 45 | BMI | 28.6 ± 1.7 | 28.5 ± 9.5 | 27.7 ± 1.7 | 27.6 ± 1.8 | 8 weeks | Mehrabani et al. [14] | Australia | 23 | 26 | 30 : 30 : 40 | 15 : 30 : 55 | T, FSH, LH, SHBG, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C | 30.5 ± 6.4 | 28.5 ± 5.2 | 31.9 ± 4.0 | 31.1 ± 4.6 | 12 weeks | Gower et al. [12] | USA | 15 | 12 | 19 : 40 : 41 | 18 : 27 : 55 | T, FSH, LH, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C | 31.2 ± 5.8 | 31.8 ± 5.7 | 8 weeks | Moran et al. [13] | USA | 14 | 14 | 30 : 30 : 40 | 15 : 30 : 55 | HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C | 32 ± 1.2 | 33 ± 1.2 | 37.9 ± 1.6 | 37.7 ± 1.9 | 16 weeks | Wong et al. [11] | USA | 7 | 9 | 20 : 35 : 45 | 20 : 25 : 55 | BMI, T, SHBG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C | 15.4 ± 1.3 | 16.3 ± 2.2 | 36.2 ± 5.3 | 33.9 ± 4.7 | 24 weeks | Perelman et al. [15] | USA | 6 | 6 | 15 : 45 : 40 | 15 : 25 : 60 | TC, HDL-C, LDL-C | 30 ± 7 | 39 ± 7 | 3 weeks | Douglas et al. [16] | USA | 9 | 9 | 15 : 45 : 43 | 16 : 31–33 : 55–56 | T, FSH, LH, SHBG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C | 33 ± 6 | 30.0 ± 3.7 | 1 weeks | Stamets et al. [17] | USA | 13 | 13 | 30 : 30 : 40 | 15 : 30 : 55 | T, FSH, LH, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C | 29 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 38 ± 4 | 37 ± 5 | 4 weeks |
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