Value of Infrared Thermography Camera Attached to a Smartphone for Evaluation and Follow-up of Patients with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of 136 patients with Graves’ disease and 62 healthy controls.

	GD patients with active ophthalmopathy (CAS > 3)	GD patients with inactive ophthalmopathy (CAS < 3)	GD patients without ophthalmopathy	Healthy controls	p Value
	N = 12	N = 62	N = 62	N = 62
Gender (female/male)	5 / 7	45 / 17	45 / 17	45 / 17	0.1576
Age at the evaluation (years)	53 (15 – 68)	48 (19 – 80)	49.5 (16 – 80)	48 (15 – 80)	0.9937
Age at diagnosis (years)	45.5 (10 – 66)	40 (10 – 63)	41.5 (11 – 78)		0.6836
Thyroid disease duration (years)	2.5 (1 – 8)	6.5 (1 – 42)	4.0 (1 – 27)		0.0822
Follow-up (years)	2 (1 – 7)	5 (1 – 23)	4 (1 – 25)		0.2703
TSH at the evaluation; (mUI/L)	0.09 (0.01 – 6.05)	1.87 (0.01 – 6.75)	1.65 (0.01 – 6.02)	2.43 (0.49 – 5.64)	0.0281
fT4 at the evaluation; (m/dL)	1.4 (0.65 – 3.59)	1.32 (0.77 – 4.88)	1.29 (0.56 – 3.21)	0.99 (0.61 – 1.48)	<0.0001
TgAb (> 115 mUI/L)	2 (20%)	19 (33.33%)	27 (46.55%)		0.1589
TPOAb (> 35 UI/mL)	4 (40%)	38 (63.33%)	43 (74.14%)		0.0848
TRAb (> 1,58 UI/mL)	11 (91.67%)	38 (79.17%)	40 (78.43%)		<0.0001
Comorbidities					0.7200
Chronic diseases	5 (41.67%)	25 (40.32%)	28 (45.16%)	33 (53.23%)
Other autoimmune diseases	0	2 (3.23%)	4 (6.45%)	3 (4.84%)
History of smoking	5 (41.67%)	23 (37.10%)	16 (25.81%)	7 (11.29%)	0.0057
Currently smoking	4 (33.33%)	13 (20.97%)	8 (12.90%)	3 (4.84%)	0.0146
Radioiodine treatment	2 (16.67%)	21 (33.87%)	26 (41.94%)		0.2214
Patients using methimazole	10 (83.33%)	19 (30.65%)	25 (40.32%)		0.0029
Patients using levothyroxine	1 (8.33%)	36 (58.06%)	29 (46.77%)		0.0064

GD, Graves ‘disease; CAS, Clinical Activity Score; N, number; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; fT4, free thyroxine; TgAb, thyroglobulin antibodies; TPOAb, thyroid peroxidase antibodies.
Values are reported as median (lower quartile – upper quartile) or counts. The P value indicates if any statistically significant difference was found between groups. Statistically significant P values are in italic.
Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Vitiligo, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.