Decreased Serum microRNA-21, microRNA-25, microRNA-146a, and microRNA-181a in Autoimmune Diabetes: Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Possible Involvement in Pathogenesis

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of study population.

		T1D (n = 29)	LADA (n = 16)	T2D (n = 31)	Nondiabetic individuals (n = 19)
Sex (male/female)		10/19	10/6	19/12	15/4
Age (years)		24.0 ± 9.1^abc	51.9 ± 9.5^ad	44.9 ± 7.7^ad	30.3 ± 5.0^abc
Age of onset (years)		20.8 ± 10.0^bc	46.3 ± 8.7^a	41.7 ± 6.5^a	N/A
Duration (years)		3.4 ± 4.2	5.6 ± 5.0	3.2 ± 2.4	N/A
BMI (kg/m^2)		21.1 ± 3.9	21.9 ± 2.7	23.1 ± 2.6	23.2 ± 2.9
HbA1c (%)		8.7 ± 2.3^d	8.4 ± 1.5^cd	7.2 ± 1.8^bd	5.1 ± 0.2^abc
FCP (ng/dL)		0.46 ± 0.63^cd	0.16 ± 0.20^cd	0.63 ± 0.56^ab	1.24 ± 0.31^ab
2hCP (ng/dL)		1.16 ± 1.86^cd	0.35 ± 0.49^cd	5.02 ± 2.79^ab	3.72 ± 1.24^ab
TC (mmol/L)		4.80 ± 1.69^c	4.56 ± 1.19^c	5.53 ± 0.91^abd	5.00 ± 1.35^c
TG (mmol/L)		1.10 ± 0.83	0.82 ± 0.65^c	1.82 ± 1.15^bd	1.10 ± 0.64^c
HDL-C (mmol/L)		1.43 ± 0.40	1.51 ± 0.47	1.20 ± 0.23	1.34 ± 0.27
LDL-C (mmol/L)		2.78 ± 1.35	2.45 ± 0.79	3.10 ± 0.68^d	2.46 ± 1.08^c
GAD titers (IU/mL)		260.8 ± 457.0^bcd	354.7 ± 363.1^acd	0^ab	0^ab
IA-2A titers (IU/mL)		688.8 ± 1322.5^bcd	288.6 ± 995.0^bcd	0^ab	0^ab
ICA titers (IU/mL)		6.9 ± 10.0^cd	5.0 ± 6.3^cd	0^ab	0^ab

Note: a, compared with T1D, ; b, compared with LADA, ; c, compared with T2D, ; d, compared with nondiabetic individuals, . Abbreviations: T1D, type 1 diabetes; LADA, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults; T2D, type 2 diabetes; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; FCP, fasting C-peptide; 2hCP, 2-h postprandial C-peptide; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; IA-2A, protein tyrosine phosphatase antibody; ICA, islet cell antibody.