Upper Pleistocene Human Dispersals out of Africa: A Review of the Current State of the Debate

Figure 3

Map showing the geographic distribution of ancestral mtDNA haplogroups of modern humans in Africa and Eurasia between 60 and 30 kya, after Forster ([49, page 258], Figure 2). Note that all the ancestral haplogroups now found in Eurasia are believed to have branched from L3, which originated as a founder in eastern Africa around 85 kya [11]. The thick bold line indicates the general pathway of the southern dispersal route (SR) along the circum-Indian Ocean.