Gene Duplication and the Genome Distribution of Sex-Biased Genes

Table 2

Summary of microarray studies data for sex-biased expression in nonvertebrate animals and male versus female contributions to sex-biased expression.

Species		Approach	Tissue	Cut-off	Sex-biased; Percentage	Male/Female	References
Drosophila	D. melanogaster	cDNA Microarray (4,000 cDNAs)	Whole body	Twofold∖; Fourfold	>50%∖NA	Females∖Males	Ranz et al. [3]
		FlyGEM Microarray	Gonads and whole body	Twofold	17%	Males (64%)	Parisi et al. [61]
		Affymetrix Microarray (18,800 transcripts)	Whole body	FDR ≤ 0.01∖; Twofold	88%∖25%	~Equal contribution from males and females	Ayroles et al. [98]
	D. pseudoobcura	Oligo Microarray	Whole body	Twofold	42%	Males (64%)	Jiang and Machado [95]
	Seven Drosophila	Oligo Microarray	Whole body	FDR≤0.01	13% to 32%	Male mostly (5 out of 7 species)	Zhang et al. [97]
	D. simulans	cDNA Microarray (4,000 cDNAs)	Whole body	Twofold∖; Fourfold	>50%∖NA	Females∖Males	Ranz et al. [3]
Tribolium castaneum		cDNA Microarray (98% of cDNAs)	Whole body	FDR≤0.01	20%	Females (58%)	Prince et al. [36]
Caenorhabditis elegans		Microarray (94% of the gene set)	Whole bodies and mutants lacking germline	Twofold	29%	Hermaphrodites	Reinke et al. [5]
Anopheles gambiae		Affymetrix Microarray	Whole bodies	Fourfold	10%	Females (71%)	Hahn and Lanzaro [101]