Review Article
In with the Old, in with the New: The Promiscuity of the Duplication Process Engenders Diverse Pathways for Novel Gene Creation
Table 2
Some examples of partial gene duplicates conferring novel function.
| Phylogenetic distribution | Partial duplicate | Ancestral locus | Type of partial duplication | Comments | References |
| Antarctic Notothenioid fish Dissostichus mawsoni | AFGP | Trypsinogen | Partial duplication with internal amplification | Creation of a novel antifreeze glycoprotein from an ancestral pancreatic enzyme | [21] | Antarctic eelpout Lycodichthys dearborni | AFPIII | Sialic acid synthase | Partial duplication in tandem array | Creation of a novel antifreeze protein from an ancestral cytoplasmic enzyme | [110] | Caenorhabditis elegans | fog-2 | ftr-1 | Partial duplication with recruitment | Creation of a novel gene implicated in hermaphrodite spermatogenesis from an ancestral gene of unknown function; evolution of hermaphroditism | [113] | Common ancestor, of Drosophila simulans, D. mauritiana, D. sechellia | Hun | Bällchen | Partial duplication with recruitment | Creation of a novel gene with testis-specific expression from an ancestral kinase gene | [109] | Homo sapiens | SRGAP2C | SRGAP2 | Partial duplication | Novel gene unique to humans; linked to increased cognitive ability in the Homo lineage | [114, 115] | Xenopus laevis | DM-W | DMRT-1 | Partial duplication | Creation of a novel female sex-determination gene | [116–118] |
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