Genomic Structure and Evolution of Multigene Families: “Flowers” on the Human Genome

Table 4

Functions of genes in Flowers. For a GO category, we tested significance of frequency of Flower genes compared to total number of the human genes. This table represents GO categories showing P < 10⁻⁴, the observed number of Flower genes ≥3, and the ratio of observation to expectation ≥3.

GO: ID	Detail	Catalog	Observation^a	Obs/Exp^b	Multigene families on Flowers
GO: 0004556	Alpha-amylase activity	Function	3	21.1	Amylase alpha
GO: 0015020	Glucuronosyltransferase activity	Function	15	15.0	UDP glucuronosyltransferase
GO: 0019864	IgG binding	Function	7	14.7	Fc fragment of IgG
GO: 0016339	Calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion	Process	12	10.5	Protocadherin beta
GO: 0003823	Antigen binding	Function	19	10.0	Immunoglobulin, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
GO: 0004364	Glutathione transferase activity	Function	9	9.0	Glutathione S-transferase
GO: 0019882	Antigen processing and presentation	Process	13	8.6	Major histocompatibility complex, class I, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence, retinoic acid early transcript, UL16-binding protein, C-type lectin domain family
GO: 0006805	Xenobiotic metabolic process	Process	10	8.4	UDP glucuronosyltransferase, defensin, alpha, aldo-keto reductase family
GO: 0006952	Defense response	Process	17	4.9	Interferon, alpha, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein, major histocompatibility complex, class I, SP140 nuclear body protein
GO: 0032312	Regulation of ARF GTPase activity	Process	7	4.8	ArfGAP with GTPase domain, centaurin, gamma-like family
GO: 0020037	Heme binding	Function	24	4.4	Cytochrome P450, nitric oxide synthase, HECT domain and RLD
GO: 0007565	Female pregnancy	Process	10	4.3	Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein
GO: 0005792	Microsome	Component	33	3.9	UDP glucuronosyltransferase, cytochrome P450, flavin-containing monooxygenase, hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase
GO: 0042742	Defense response to bacterium	Process	12	3.2	Defensin, alpha, defensin, beta, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence
GO: 0009615	Response to virus	Process	12	3.1	Defensin, alpha, interferon, alpha, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor

^aThe observed number of Flower genes for a GO category.
^bThe ratio of the observed number of Flower genes to the expected number of genes.