Diversification in Monkeyflowers: An Investigation of the Effects of Elevation and Floral Color in the Genus Mimulus

Table 1

Results of BiSSE, GeoSSE, and MuSSE analyses of RO phenotype and high elevation in Mimulus. In the BiSSE/GeoSSE analysis, we use the notation of non-RO = 0 and RO = 1, low elevation = 0, and high elevation = 1 (and the GeoSSE analysis allows for third category for species having ranges that span low and high elevation). In the MuSSE analysis, trait combinations use the following notation: 1: low elevation, no-RO; 2: low elevation, RO; 3: high elevation, no-RO; 4: high elevation, RO. We test whether the evolution of the RO phenotype depends on the background of elevation (does 1→2 differ from 3→4 or 1→3 from 2→4, etc.). *𝑃<0.05 and **  <  0.001.

Model	lnLik	AIC
Differential diversification of red-flowered lineages
Full model (𝜆0=6.88; 𝜆1=12.76; 𝜇0=0; 𝜇1=3.3; 𝑞01=0.42; 𝑞10=5.36)	70.21	−128.42
𝜆1=𝜆0	69.37	−128.75
𝜇1=𝜇0	70.18	−130.35
𝑞10=𝑞01	67.82*	−125.65
Differential diversification of high elevation lineages
Full model (𝜆0=0.72; 𝜆1=9.69; 𝜆01=0; 𝜇0=16.13; 𝜇1=5.08; 𝑑01=0; 𝑑10=45.46)	−10.05	34.09
𝜆01=0 (between-region mode of speciation)	−10.05	32.09
𝜆1=𝜆0	−16.19**	42.37
𝑑10=𝑑01	−13.22*	38.44
Correlated evolution of red flowers and high elevation
Full model (𝜆=7.20; 𝜇=0.00; 𝑞12=0.101; 𝑞34=0.997; 𝑞21=2.301; 𝑞43=7.208; 𝑞13=8.157; 𝑞24=−8.157; 𝑞31=2.350; 𝑞42=−2.179)	14.74
𝑞12=𝑞34, 𝑞13=𝑞24, 𝑞21=𝑞43, 𝑞31=𝑞42	17.51