Spatial Variation in Bird Community Composition in Relation to Topographic Gradient and Forest Heterogeneity in a Central Amazonian Rainforest

Table 2

Pearson correlation matrix among the forest structure components recorded in 72 plots at the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, central Amazonia, used in the avian community analyses; **𝑃<0.001; *𝑃<0.05 resulting from the Bonferroni probability matrix.

	Abundance of forest trees	Abundance of fallen logs	Abundance of snags	Leaf litter depth	Forest canopy openness (%)	Elevation (m)
Abundance of fallen logs	0.208
Abundance of snags	0.083	0.315
Leaf litter depth	0.047	0.318	0.255
Forest canopy openness^+	0.134	0.560**	0.474**	0.528**
Elevation^+	0.118	0.093	0.035	0.290	0.242
Distance to nearest stream	0.053	0.129	0.019	0.020	−0.058	0.370*

⁺These two were significantly correlated to other variables; therefore, canopy openness and elevation were analyzed in a separate regression model.