Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Ozark Zigzag Salamanders to Stimuli from an Invasive Predator: The Armadillo
Figure 3
Experiment 1: behavioral responses to substrate cues. Time spent moving (a) and time spent on the edge of the arena (b) for salamanders exposed to stimuli from armadillos, deer, or blank control water. Bars and error bars represent means ± 1 SE. Asterisks indicate statistical significance.
