Stabilizing Effect of Prey Refuge and Predator’s Interference on the Dynamics of Prey with Delayed Growth and Generalist Predator with Delayed Gestation

Figure 2

Bifurcation diagrams of the system (3) with respect to 𝜏₁ in Case 2 in the three-dimensional space (𝜏₁,𝑥,𝑦). (b) is the time series for (𝜏₁<𝜏₁₀) and (c) is the same for (𝜏₁>𝜏₁₀). These figures show that the coexistence equilibrium is stable for 𝜏₁<0.5329, unstable for 𝜏₁>0.5329, and a Hopf bifurcation exists at 𝜏₁=0.5329.

(a) 𝜏₂=0

(b) 𝜏₁=0.45

(c) 𝜏₁=0.55