Photoelectrochemical Stability and Alteration Products of n-Type Single-Crystal ZnO Photoanodes

Table 1

ZnO single-crystals description.

Sample	Doping			Color	Carrier concentration (×10^17 cm^−3)
	Doping element	Temperature (°C)	Time (hr)
(1) 197	None			Clear	0.55±0.01
(2) 204	Te	1100	4	Clear	0.72±0.21
(3) 201	Cd	1100	4	Clear	0.80±0.01
(4) 203	Mg	1150	18	Dark orange	14±1
(5) 199	Zn	1100	0.5	Dark orange	11±1
(6) 198	Zn	1150	0.5	Dark orange	15±1
(7) 158	Gd	Doping elements directly added to the melt		Light green	10±4
(8) 151	In + Li	Doping elements directly added to the melt		Light blue	11±5
(9) 152	Er	Doping elements directly added to the melt		Light green	14±4
(10) 149	Ga + Li	Doping elements directly added to the melt		Blue	67±4