Modification of Nafion Membranes by IL-Cation Exchange: Chemical Surface, Electrical and Interfacial Study

<table>Bode plots, (a) <svg height="15.825" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.39064pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.6875 15.825" width="30.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,.062,11.538)"><path d="M698 636l-541 -596q60 -5 176 -5q91 0 138.5 5t69.5 24q44 36 85 124l29 -15q-38 -125 -64 -173h-559l-9 16l545 598h-182q-81 0 -109 -8t-48 -31q-26 -29 -55 -103l-29 3q23 86 42 200h22q11 -16 21 -20.5t34 -4.5h428z" id="x1D44D"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,12.313,15.613)"><path d="M181 342h2q63 107 121 107q24 0 41 -16t17 -34q0 -34 -32 -49q-17 -7 -26 2q-21 20 -43 20q-20 0 -42 -22t-38 -63v-183q0 -50 12.5 -62t69.5 -16v-26h-230v26q47 5 58 17t11 61v207q0 49 -9 60.5t-53 16.5v23q74 12 141 40v-109z" id="x72"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,16.584,15.613)"><path d="M380 106l15 -22q-42 -52 -87 -74t-76 -22q-89 0 -142 62t-53 151q0 103 66 175q67 73 146 73h1q61 0 105.5 -46.5t44.5 -105.5q0 -16 -4.5 -22.5t-18.5 -9.5q-54 -10 -262 -17q1 -95 46 -143.5t104 -48.5q61 0 115 50zM225 412q-35 0 -64.5 -32.5t-40.5 -90.5q83 0 170 3
q14 0 19 4.5t5 15.5q1 41 -23.5 70.5t-65.5 29.5z" id="x65"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,21.701,15.613)"><path d="M433 39l-85 -51q-27 0 -47 20q-16 16 -24 44q-5 -3 -24 -16.5t-27 -18.5t-23 -13.5t-25 -12t-19 -3.5q-52 0 -86 36.5t-34 85.5q0 71 81 99q128 43 155 65v17q0 54 -23 83.5t-62 29.5q-28 0 -45 -19t-29 -66q-7 -23 -29 -23q-15 0 -29 13t-14 30t31 40q25 19 68.5 40.5
t81.5 29.5q49 0 82 -27q45 -39 45 -123v-185q0 -60 35 -60q18 0 36 11zM275 84v156q-12 -6 -49 -23t-41 -19q-31 -14 -46 -31t-15 -43q0 -35 22.5 -55.5t48.5 -20.5q19 0 42 10.5t38 25.5z" id="x61"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,26.984,15.613)"><path d="M238 0h-223v26q48 5 60 17t12 61v473q0 50 -10.5 60.5t-58.5 15.5v24q73 8 148 35v-608q0 -49 11.5 -61t60.5 -17v-26z" id="x6C"></path></g>
</svg> versus frequency and (b) <svg height="18.737499" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-5.73161pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.4125 18.737499" width="31.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,.062,11.538)"><path d="M698 636l-541 -596q60 -5 176 -5q91 0 138.5 5t69.5 24q44 36 85 124l29 -15q-38 -125 -64 -173h-559l-9 16l545 598h-182q-81 0 -109 -8t-48 -31q-26 -29 -55 -103l-29 3q23 86 42 200h22q11 -16 21 -20.5t34 -4.5h428z" id="x1D44D"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,12.313,15.613)"><path d="M135 536q-20 0 -35 15.5t-15 35.5q0 22 15 37t36 15t35.5 -15t14.5 -37q0 -21 -15 -36t-36 -15zM252 0h-220v26q48 5 59 17t11 63v206q0 47 -9 58t-54 18v24q78 12 142 39v-345q0 -51 11.5 -63t59.5 -17v-26z" id="x69"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,15.501,15.613)"><path d="M797 0h-214v26q46 5 58 17.5t12 63.5v167q0 116 -88 116q-48 0 -112 -52q3 -18 3 -42v-195q0 -46 11 -58t53 -17v-26h-214v26q48 5 59.5 17t11.5 60v172q0 115 -88 115q-47 0 -109 -52v-235q0 -47 10 -59.5t48 -17.5v-26h-211v26q50 5 62.5 17t12.5 60v207q0 48 -9 59.5
t-52 18.5v23q79 14 139 41v-81q3 2 29 20.5t44 29.5q45 28 81 28t66 -22t46 -61q25 20 83 57q39 26 76 26q59 0 93 -40t34 -113v-193q0 -49 10.5 -60.5t54.5 -16.5v-26z" id="x6D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,25.163,15.613)"><path d="M463 437l5 -8q-21 -38 -45 -51l-57 3q30 -35 30 -88q0 -76 -52.5 -118t-122.5 -42q-24 0 -51 5q-30 -21 -30 -42q0 -16 16 -27t47 -11q19 0 54 0.5t52 0.5q36 0 65.5 -8t53.5 -36t24 -74q0 -77 -75 -137.5t-174 -60.5q-79 0 -126 37.5t-48 84.5q0 32 24 56q21 21 83 70
q-49 15 -74 55q-13 20 -11 42q56 21 88 61q-37 16 -62.5 51t-25.5 83q0 78 56.5 122t122.5 44h1q51 0 96 -27q71 4 136 15zM219 418q-34 0 -58 -32t-24 -87q0 -59 26.5 -96.5t67.5 -37.5q35 1 59 32t24 87q0 59 -26 96.5t-69 37.5zM241 -11q-62 0 -87 -21q-46 -39 -46 -78
q0 -41 38 -68.5t94 -27.5q69 0 106.5 31t37.5 80q0 52 -45 71q-33 13 -98 13z" id="x67"></path></g>
</svg> versus frequency, for Nafion-112 (<i>◊</i>), Naf-112/DTA<sup>+</sup> dry (■) and Naf-112/DTA<sup>+</sup>(w) (□) membranes.</table>

International Journal of Electrochemistry

fig7

Figure 7

Figure 7: Modification of Nafion Membranes by IL-Cation Exchange: Chemical Surface, Electrical and Interfacial Study 