The Effect of Economic, Physical, and Psychological Abuse on Mental Health: A Population-Based Study of Women in the Philippines

Table 2

Distribution and association of the outcome variables by the main exposure variables.

Characteristics	Suicide attempt			Psychological distress
	No	Yes		No	Yes
	= 2235	= 198		= 1279	= 1153
	(%)	(%)	OR (95% CI)	(%)	(%)	OR (95% CI)
Economic abuse
Not allowed to engage in legitimate work	***			*
No	1783 (80)	143 (72)	1	990 (77)	936 (81)	1
Yes	452 (20)	55 (28)	1.52 (1.09–2.10)	289 (23)	217 (19)	0.79 (0.65–0.97)
Spouse controlled money or forced her to work	***			***
No	2133 (95)	163 (82)	1	1240 (97)	1055 (91)	1
Yes	102 (5)	35 (18)	4.49 (2.96–6.80)	39 (3)	98 (9)	2.95 (2.02–4.32)
Destroyed personal property/pet or threaten to harm pet	***			***
No	2077 (93)	157 (79)	1	1221 (95)	1012 (88)	1
Yes	158 (7)	41 (21)	3.43 (2.35–5.02)	58 (5)	141 (12)	2.93 (2.14–4.03)
Ever lost job/source of income because of husband	***			***
No	2112 (94)	168 (85)	1	1229 (96)	1051 (91)	1
Yes	123 (6)	30 (15)	3.01 (1.95–4.65)	50 (4)	102 (9)	2.34 (1.65–3.32)
Physical abuse	***			***
No	1778 (79)	105 (53)	1	1088 (85)	794 (69)	1
Yes	457 (21)	93 (47)	3.45 (2.57–4.65)	191 (15)	359 (31)	2.59 (2.12–3.15)
Psychological abuse	***			***
No	1779 (80)	102 (51)	1	1088 (85)	792 (69)	1
Yes	456 (20)	96 (49)	3.67 (2.73–4.94)	191 (15)	361 (31)	2.60 (2.13–3.16)

Note: OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; % = percentage.
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