Copyright © 2010 Christopher M. Oswalt and Sonja N. Oswalt. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. M. A. Jenkins and P. S. White, “Cornus florida L. mortality and understory composition changes in western Great Smoky Mountains National Park,” Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, vol. 129, no. 3, pp. 194–206, 2002. View at Scopus
2. K. O. Britton, “Dogwood anthracnose,” in Threats to Forest Health in the Southern Appalachians, C. Ferguson and P. Bowman, Eds., pp. 17–20, Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Co-Operative, Gatlinburg, Tenn, USA, 1994.
3. M. Mielke and K. Langdon, “Dogwood anthracnose fungus threatens Catoctin Mountain Park,” Park Science, vol. 6, pp. 6–8, 1986.
4. S. C. Redlin, “Discula destructiva sp. nov., cause of dogwood anthracnose,” Mycologia, vol. 83, pp. 633–642, 1991.
5. D. O. Chellemi, K. O. Britton, and W. T. Swank, “Influence of site factors in dogwood anthracnose in the Nantahala Mountain range of western North Carolina,” Plant Diseases, vol. 76, pp. 915–918, 1992.
6. J. K. Hiers and J. P. Evans, “Effects of anthracnose on dogwood mortality and forest composition of the Cumberland Plateau (U.S.A.),” Conservation Biology, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1430–1435, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. P. R. Hannah, “Composition and development of two Appalachian hardwood stands in North Carolina,” Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, vol. 109, pp. 87–98, 1993.
8. E. Quarterman, B. H. Turner, and T. E. Hemmerly, “Analysis of virgin mixed mesophytic forests in Savage Gulf, Tennessee,” Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Society, vol. 99, pp. 228–232, 1972.
9. R. N. Muller, “Vegetation patterns in the mixed mesophytic forest of eastern Kentucky,” Ecology, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 1901–1917, 1982. View at Scopus
10. D. E. Carr and L. E. Banas, “Dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva): effects of and consequences for host (Cornus florida) demography,” American Midland Naturalist, vol. 143, no. 1, pp. 169–177, 2000. View at Scopus
11. J. L. Sherald, T. M. Stidham, J. M. Hadidian, and J. E. Hoeldtke, “Progression of the dogwood anthracnose epidemic and the status of flowering dogwood in Catoctin Mountain Park,” Plant Disease, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 310–312, 1996. View at Scopus
12. D. A. Orwig and M. D. Abrams, “Land-use history (1720–1992), composition, and dynamics of oak pine forests within the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of northern Virginia,” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1216–1225, 1994. View at Scopus
13. M. A. Jenkins and G. R. Parker, “Composition and diversity of woody vegetation in silvicultural openings of southern Indiana forests,” Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 109, no. 1-3, pp. 57–74, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
14. B. McCune, C. L. Cloonan, and T. V. Armentano, “Tree mortality and vegetation dynamics in Hemmer Woods, Indiana,” American Midland Naturalist, vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 416–431, 1988. View at Scopus
15. P. C. Goebel and D. M. Hix, “Development of mixed-oak forests in southeastern Ohio: a comparison of second-growth and old-growth forests,” Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 84, no. 1–3, pp. 1–21, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
16. M. A. Jenkins, S. Jose, and P. S. White, “Impacts of an exotic fungal disease and associated changes in community composition and structure on foliar calcium cycling in a mixed-species temperate forest,” Ecological Applications, vol. 17, pp. 869–881, 2007.
17. E. J. Holzmueller, S. Jose, and M. A. Jenkins, “Relationship between Cornus florida L. and calcium mineralization in two southern Appalachian forest types,” Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 245, no. 1–3, pp. 110–117, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
18. E. Holzmueller, S. Jose, M. Jenkins, A. Camp, and A. Long, “Dogwood anthracnose in eastern hardwood forests: what is known and what can be done?” Journal of Forestry, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 21–26, 2006. View at Scopus
19. M. L. Daughtrey, C. R. Hibben, K. O. Britton, M. T. Windham, and S. C. Redlin, “Dogwood anthracnose understanding a disease new to North America,” Plant Disease, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 349–358, 1996.
20. J. E. Schwegman, W. E. McClain, T. L. Esker, and J. E. Ebinger, “Anthracnose-caused mortality of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) at the Dean Hills Nature Preserve, Fayette County, Illinois, USA,” Natural Areas Journal, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 204–207, 1998. View at Scopus
21. C. E. Williams and W. J. Moriarity, “Occurrence of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), and mortality by dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva Redlin), on the northern Allegheny Plateau,” Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 313–319, 1999. View at Scopus
22. R. W. McEwan, R. N. Muller, M. A. Arthur, and H. H. Housman, “Temporal and ecological patterns of flowering dogwood mortality in the mixed mesophytic forest of eastern Kentucky,” Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 221–229, 2000. View at Scopus
23. W. B. Smith, “Forest inventory and analysis: a national inventory and monitoring program,” Environmental Pollution, vol. 116, supplement 1, pp. S233–S242, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
24. W. A. Bechtold and P. L. Patterson, Eds., “The enhanced forest inventory and analysis program—national sampling design and estimation procedures,” General Technical Report SRS-80, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC, USA, 2005.
25. W. B. Smith, “An overview of inventory and monitoring and the role of FIA in National Assessments,” in Monitoring Science and Technology Symposium: Unifying Knowledge for Sustainability in the Western Hemisphere Proceedings, C. Aguirre-Bravo, P. J. Pellicane, D. P. Burns, and S. Draggan, Eds., pp. 223–229, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colo, USA, 2006, RMRS-P-42CD.
26. USDA Forest Service, “Field instructions for southern forest inventory,” unpublished report, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Research Station, Knoxville, Tenn, USA, 2004.
27. G. A. Reams, W. D. Smith, M. H. Hansen, W. A. Bechtold, F. A. Roesch, and G. G. Moisen, “The forest inventory and analysis sampling frame,” General Technical Report SRS-80, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC, USA, 2005.
28. P. D. Miles, “Forest inventory mapmaker web-application version 3.0,” Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, St. Paul, Minn, USA, 2008, http://www.fia.fs.fed.us/tools-data/other/default.asp.
29. J. M. Omernik, “Ecoregions of the conterminous United States,” Annnals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 118–125, 1987. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
30. SAS Software, “Version 9 of the SAS System for Windows,” Copyright © 2002. SAS Institute SAS and all other SAS Institute product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
31. M. L. Daughtrey and C. R. Hibben, “Lower branch dieback, a new disease of northern dogwoods,” Phytopathology, vol. 73, p. 365, 1983.
32. C. E. McGee, “Loss of Quercus spp. dominance in an undisturbed old-growth forest,” Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, vol. 102, pp. 10–15, 1986.
33. B. R. Myers, J. L. Walck, and K. E. Blum, “Vegetation change in a former chestnut stand on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee during an 80-year period (1921–2000),” Castanea, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 81–91, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
34. S. Fei and K. C. Steiner, “Evidence for increasing red maple abundance in the eastern United States,” Forest Science, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 473–477, 2007. View at Scopus
35. A. A. Pierce, Population dynamics of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) and community structure at the Ross Biological Reserve, M.S. thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind, USA, 2001.
36. R. L. Anderson, “Results of the 1990 dogwood anthracnose impact assessment and pilot test in the southeastern United States,” USDA Forest Service Southern Region Protection Report R8-PR 20, 1991.
37. J. L. Knighten and R. L. Anderson, Eds., “Results of the 1991 dogwood anthracnose impact assessment and pilot test in the southeastern United States,” USDA Forest Service Southern Region Protection Report R8-PR 23, 1992.
38. J. L. Knighten and R. L. Anderson, Eds., “Results of the 1992 dogwood anthracnose impact assessment and pilot test in the southeastern United States,” USDA Forest Service Southern Region Protection Report R8-PR 24, 1993.
39. M. T. Windham, M. Montgomery-Dee, and J. Parham, “Site parameters that affect dogwood anthracnose incidence and severity,” in Proceedings of the 38th Southern Nursery Research Conference, B. L. James, Ed., pp. 184–187, Southern Nurserymen's Association, Marietta, Ga, USA, 1993.