Does Proximity to Wetland Shrubland Increase the Habitat Value for Shrubland Birds of Small Patches of Upland Shrubland in the Northeastern United States?

Table 3

Vegetation and land use attributes that were significantly correlated with species richness of shrubland bird species (attributes not significantly correlated marked as “ns”).

Attributes	SR shrubland birds			All spp.
	Upland/wetland spp.	Upland spp.	Specialist spp.
Patch size
All shrub (ha)	𝜏=0.37, 𝑃<0.05*	ns		𝜏=0.27, 𝑃<0.05*
Wetland shrub (ha)	ns	ns		𝜏=0.46, 𝑃<0.01*
Percent land use within 100 m
All shrubs (%)	𝜏=0.39, 𝑃<0.01*	ns		𝜏=0.27, 𝑃<0.05*
Wetland shrub (%)	ns	ns		𝜏=0.47, 𝑃<0.01
All wetland types (%)**	ns	ns		𝜏=0.50, 𝑃<0.01
Forest (%)	𝜏=−0.49, 𝑃<0.01	𝜏=0.33, 𝑃<0.05	𝜏=0.38, 𝑃<0.05	ns
Mowed lawn (%)	ns	𝜏=−0.47, 𝑃<0.01	𝜏=0.42, 𝑃<0.05	ns
Grassland (%)	𝜏=0.36, 𝑃<0.05			𝜏=0.39, 𝑃<0.05
Percent land use within 50 m
All shrubs (%)	𝜏=0.41, 𝑃<0.05	ns		ns
Wetland shrub (%)	ns	ns		𝜏=0.40, 𝑃<0.05
Percent land use within 1 km
Urban areas (%)	𝜏=0.40, 𝑃<0.05	𝜏=−0.41, 𝑃<0.05		ns
Human dominated areas (%)	𝜏=0.50, 𝑃<0.01	𝜏=−0.36, 𝑃<0.05		ns

Notes: ns: not significant, *one-tailed test, **includes all wetland types listed in the National Wetland Inventory (wetland shrub, wetland forest, open water, etc.).