Land Use and Land Cover Change, and Woody Vegetation Diversity in Human Driven Landscape of Gilgel Tekeze Catchment, Northern Ethiopia
Table 4
Vegetation attributes for sample plots across different land use and land cover types in Dega (a), Weyna Dega (b), and Kolla (c). Agroecological zone and significant levels from two-way ANOVA with equal sample size tests.
(a)
Variable
Agroecological Zone—Dega (D)
4,30
value
Forest land (FLD)
Shrub-bush land (SBLD)
Grazing land (GLD)
Settlement land (SLD)
Cultivated land (CLD)
Tree density in Ha
1619.42 ± 129.45a
283.33 ± 89.26cd
130.58 ± 25.81cd
1050 ± 85.22b
270.83 ± 191.51cd
2.69
<0.0001
Shrub density in Ha
291.67 ± 82.50de
850 ± 100.17b
272.25 ± 87.81de
308.33 ± 119.25de
277.08 ± 100.17de
2.69
<0.0001
Sapling density in Ha
183.25 ± 20.41efg
113.92 ± 20.81bcdef
69.47 ± 10.38fg
147.2 ± 27.43a
0g
2.69
<0.0001
Dead tree in Ha
77.75 ± 27.42cd
27.75 ± 3.89e
44.25 ± 6.18de
137.08 ± 15.06b
5.58 ± 7.89e
2.69
<0.0001
Tree height (m)
10.15 ± 1.59a
1.86 ± 0.07c
3.1 ± 0.31bc
3.14 ± 0.41bc
4.33 ± 3.29bc
2.69
<0.0001
Shrub height (m)
1.67 ± 0.277ab
1.4 ± 0.10ab
1.59 ± 0.17ab
1.33 ± 0.09abc
1.0 ± 0.22bc
2.69
0.0113
Woody species diversity (H′)
1.11 ± 0.27e
1.5 ± 0.04bcde
1.25 ± 0.06de
1.19 ± 0.10e
2.0 ± 0.33a
2.69
0.5794
Values with different superscript letters within rows differ significantly (Tukey’s HSD; ).
(b)
Variable
Agro-Ecological Zone—Weyna Dega (WD)
4,30
value
Forest land (FLWD)
Shrub-bush land (SBLWD)
Grazing land (GLWD)
Settlement land (SLWD)
Cultivated (CLWD)
Tree density in Ha
1150 ± 55.67b
366.67 ± 37.82c
227.75 ± 39.82cd
377.75 ± 32.18c
93.75 ± 85.23cd
2.69
<0.0001
Shrub density in Ha
425 ± 122.71cd
1291.67 ± 75.73a
705.5 ± 122.55bc
483.33 ± 69.08cd
437.5 ± 26.52cd
2.69
<0.0001
Sapling density in Ha
183.25 ± 20.41b
113.92 ± 20.8bcdef
69.42 ± 10.38cdefg
147.25 ± 27.43bcd
0g
2.69
<0.0001
Dead tree in Ha
41.75 ± 8.98de
91.75 ± 8.15bc
20.42 ± 5.19e
34.25 ± 5.76de
13.9 ± 4.01e
2.69
<0.0001
Tree height (m)
7.91 ± 1.31ab
2.5 ± 0.14c
2.06 ± 0.28c
2.57 ± 0.17c
2 ± 1.78c
2.69
<0.0001
Shrub height (m)
1.7 ± 0.09a
1.76 ± 0.24a
1.71 ± 0.14a
1.66 ± 0.26ab
0.75 ± 0.25c
2.69
0.0113
Woody species diversity (H′)
2. ± 0.33a
2.54 ± 0.14ab
2.28 ± 0.11abc
2.59 ± 0.21a
2.07 ± 0.29abcde
2.69
0.5794
Values with different superscript letters within rows differ significantly (Tukey’s HSD; ).
(c)
Variable
Agro-Ecological Zone—Kolla (K)
4,30
value
Forest land (FLK)
Shrub-bush land (SBLK)
Grazing land (GLK)
Settlement land (SLK)
Cultivated land (CLK)
Tree density in Ha
936.08 ± 23.97b
388.92 ± 20.80c
169.47 ± 27.54cd
175 ± 40.82cd
55.58 ± 39.89d
2.69
<0.0001
Shrub density in Ha
386.1 ± 68.19de
1333.33 ± 105.60a
414.25 ± 16.63cd
361.08 ± 25.74de
86.08 + 30.68e
2.69
<0.0001
Sapling density in Ha
327.75 ± 21.84a
155.5 ± 37.45bc
66.67 ± 6.84defg
119.42 ± 28.27bcde
33.33 ± 23.57efg
2.69
<0.0001
Dead tree in Ha
35.5 ± 1.95de
209.25 ± 18.93a
20.33 ± 14.55e
8.33 ± 11.79e
28.67 ± 17.06e
2.69
<0.0001
Tree height (m)
4.27 ± 0.37bc
2.17 ± 0.12c
1.93 ± 0.19c
1.03 ± 0.05c
4.6 ± 3.28bc
2.69
<0.0001
Shrub height (m)
1.6 ± 0.06ab
1.41 ± 0.09ab
1.25 ± 0.09abc
1.73 ± 0.06a
1.3 ± 0.04abc
2.69
0.0113
Woody species diversity (H′)
2.61 ± 0.75a
2.67 ± 0.11a
2.25 ± 0.09abcd
2.54 + 0.21ab
1. ± 0.29e
2.69
0.5794
Values with different superscript letters within rows differ significantly (Tukey’s HSD; ).