Effects of Deer Grazing on Vegetation and Ground-Dwelling Insects in a Larch Forest in Okutama, Western Tokyo

Table 1

Densities and basal area of trees and shrubs appearing in 10 m × 10 m plot inside and 20 m × 20 m plot outside the exclosure at Okutama, western Tokyo, Japan.

	Tree/shrub	Inside		Outside
		/plot	Basal area (m^2/ha)	/100 m^2	Basal area (m^2/ha)
Larix  kaempferi	t	2	11.64	2.75	17.86
Pterostyrax  hispida	t	15	1.63	—	—
Toxicodendron  trichocarpum	t	2	1.09	—	—
Euonymus  hamiltonianus	t	2	0.94	—	—
Carpinus  cordata	t	5	0.09	0.25	0.50
Salix  bakko	t	3	0.08	—	—
Clethra  barbinervis	t	6	0.05	—	—
Betula  ermanii	t	1	0.04	—	—
Fraxinus  lanuginosa	t	3	0.03	—	—
Swida  controversa	t	1	0.02	—	—
Castanea  crenata	t	1	0.01	—	—
Acer  diabolicum	t	—	—	0.25	0.36
Acer  pictum	t	—	—	0.25	0.36
Hydrangea  paniculata	s	37	1.26	—	—
Aralia  elata	s	6	0.38	—	—
Callicarpa  japonica	s	36	0.14	—	—
Stephanandra  incisa	s	9	0.03	—	—
Lindera  praecox	s	1	0.00	—	—
Subtotal trees		41	15.61	4	19.09
Subtotal shrubs		89	1.82	0	0.00
Total		130	17.43	4	19.09