Effects of Deer Grazing on Vegetation and Ground-Dwelling Insects in a Larch Forest in Okutama, Western Tokyo

Table 2

Mean values of numbers, biomass indices^*, and Shannon-Wiener’s diversity indices of plant species appearing in 2 m × 2 m plots inside ( = 5) and outside ( = 5) the deer exclosure at Okutama, western Tokyo, Japan.

	Inside	Outside
Species number	14.4	9.7
Biomass index^*	564,710	39,290
Diversity index	2.86	1.77

^*Biomass index = cover (cm²) × height (cm).