Review on Selected Church Forests of Ethiopia: Implication for Plant Species Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation

Table 7

List of challenges that Ethiopian Church forests faced in selected geographical areas in Ethiopia.

No	Challenges	Location of the Church Forest that faced different disturbances	Source
1	Livestock grazing	Church Forests in Highland Landscape of Ethiopian; North Shewa zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia; Tekle-Haymanot Monastery Forest, Southeastern Ethiopia; South Gondar Administrative Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia; Shello Giorgis Church Forest, Northern Ethiopia	[22, 27, 42, 48, 51, 54, 64]
2	Anthropogenic disturbances (for wood products and expansion of agricultural land)	Yemrehane Kirstos Church Forest, North Ethiopia; Church Forests, Northern Ethiopia; Tekle-Haymanot Monastery Forest, Southeastern Ethiopia; South Gondar Administrative Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia, Shello Giorgis Church Forest, Northern Ethiopia	[28, 51, 64]
3	Replacement of indigenous trees by fast-growing exotic species	Church Forests in Highland Landscape of Ethiopian, Church Forests, Northern Ethiopia and Church Forests, South Gondar Administrative Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia	[1, 22, 28]
4	Site cleaning for Church building	46 Sacred Groves, Northwestern Ethiopia	[1, 64]
5	Expansion of invasive species	Church Forests, Northwestern Ethiopia and Church Forests, Northern Ethiopia	[28, 64]
6	Soil and water erosion	Debre-Lebanos Church Forest, Central Ethiopia	[1]
7	Low awareness of the use of forest	Church Forests, North Shewa Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia	[22]
8	Expansion of farmlands	Aba Asrat Monastery Forest, Northern Ethiopia, Sesa Mariam Monastery, Northwestern Ethiopia	[42, 68]
9	Drought, wind, and aging	Sesa Mariam Monastery, Northwestern Ethiopia	[68]