Contribution of Nontimber Forest Products Earn to Livelihood in Rural Households and the Type of Use: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Variables/items recorded.

Countries	Years	Income from NTFPs (%)	NTFPs use type in each countries	References
Bangladesh	2021	33.4	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, bamboo, rettan, grazing, and grass	[32–37]
	2016	19
	2016	27
	2014	35
	2012	21
	2012	9
Benin	2019	25	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, grazing, and grass	[28, 29]
	2013	12.84
Cameroon	2020	16.3	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, bamboo, rettan, grazing, and grass	[38–42]
	2020	21
	2019	35
	2018	47
	2012	25.6
Ethiopia	2021	23.1	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, liana, bamboo, rettan, mushroom, grazing, grass, wild fish, toothbrushes, and sweep	[43–53]
	2020	26
	2020	13.1
	2020	17.46
	2019	29.34
	2019	20.17
	2017	44.7
	2016	21.4
	2014	47
	2014	30
	2014	25
Ghana	2020	21.3	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, bamboo, grazing, grass, wild fish, and toothbrushes	[26, 54, 55]
	2019	32.69
	2016	20
India	2021	20	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, liana, bamboo, rettan, mushroom, grazing, grass, wild fish, toothbrushes, and sweep	[8, 56–69]
	2020	20
	2019	45
	2019	40
	2019	30
	2018	24.31
	2017	35
	2016	25
	2016	6
	2015	31.67
	2015	18
	2013	25.05
	2012	33
	2012	15
	2012	15
	2012	10
Indonesia	2020	25	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild meat, religious value, wood utensils, spice, bamboo, grazing, grass, and toothbrushes	[70–72]
	2018	25
	2016	36
Kenya	2019	41	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, liana, bamboo, rettan, mushroom, grazing, grass, wild fish, toothbrushes, and sweep	[73–76]
	2018	45
	2018	27.8
	2015	6
Myanmar	2018	36	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, wood utensils, spice, bamboo, rettan, mushroom, grazing, grass, wild fish, and toothbrushes	[77, 78]
	2016	44.37
Nepal	2021	15	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, liana, bamboo, rettan, mushroom, grazing, grass, wild fish, toothbrushes, and sweep	[79–82]
	2020	26.08
	2019	32
	2019	20
Nigeria	2021	22	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, liana, bamboo, rettan, mushroom, grazing, grass, wild fish, toothbrushes, and sweep	[7, 83–89]
	2020	33
	2018	27
	2017	40
	2017	40
	2017	20
	2014	12
	2014	24
	2013	20
South Africa	2019	15	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, grazing, grass, wild fish, and toothbrushes	[90–92]
	2017	22
	2015	22.7
Tanzania	2018	20.1	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, bamboo, rettan, mushroom, grazing, grass, wild fish, and toothbrushes	[93–95]
	2016	36
	2013	15
Thailand	2021	13.2	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, wood utensils, bamboo, grazing, grass, wild fish, and toothbrushes	[96–99]
	2021	10
	2018	23
	2017	7.2
	2015	25
Vietnam	2021	25	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, wood utensils, bamboo, grazing, grass, wild fish, and toothbrushes	[100–102]
	2020	7
	2019	16
Zambia	2017	10	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, liana, bamboo, grazing, grass, wild fish, toothbrushes, and sweep	[103]
	2014	9
Zimbabwe	2021	15	Wild fruit, wild vegetables, medicinal plants, firewood, crafts, wild honey, wild meat, traditional sticks, weaving material, religious value, wood utensils, spice, liana, bamboo, grazing, grass, wild fish, toothbrushes, and sweep	[104, 105]
	2011	23