Research Article

Comparative Global Gene Expression Profiles of Wild-Type Yersinia pestis CO92 and Its Braun Lipoprotein Mutant at Flea and Human Body Temperatures

Table 1

Transcripts down-regulated in a Δlpp mutant of Y. pestis CO92 cultured at , compared to wild-type bacteria, based on microarray analyses.

Yer IDGene NameGene SymbolFunctionΔlpp/WT

FC

Cell envelope

YPO2394major outer membrane lipoproteinmlpAlpp gene—cell envelope−361.9
YPO1125peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein PalexcCMaintenance of cell envelope integrity−22.3
YPO0448putative lipoproteinCell envelope−26

Genomic functions

y2424putative transposaseMobile and extrachromosomal element functions−76.8
Y1119.1nreplication protein ArepADNA replication, recombination, and repair−31.9
YPO1968transposase for insertion sequence IS100ypmt1/y1093Mobile and extrachromosomal element functions−22.3

Metabolism

YPO2705conserved hypothetical proteinFermentation−93.1
YPO2805putative aldo/keto reductaseCentral intermediary metabolism−20.3
YPO3387conserved hypothetical proteinNitrogen fixation−16.7
y1601acetyl CoA carboxylase, carboxytransferase component, beta subunitaccDFatty acid and phospholipid metabolism−48.3
YPO1161molybdopterin [mpt] converting factor, subunit 1chlM/chlA4Biosynthesis and degradation of surface polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides−15.7
YPO1177D-lactate dehydrogenasedldFermentation−6.4
YPO3376enolaseenoGlycolysis/gluconeogenesis−127.7
y1362IMP dehydrogenaseguaBPurine salvage pathway−22
YPO2993PTS system, phosphocarrier proteinhprDegradation of proteins, peptides, and glycopeptides−29.3
YPO2329D-lactate dehydrogenasehtpH/hslIFermentation−7
YPO2300fumarate and nitrate reduction regulatory proteinnirRRegulation of metabolic functions−15.7
YPO1413putative nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferasepncBBiosynthesis of cofactors, prosthetic groups, and carriers−51.7
YPO3521inorganic pyrophosphataseppaCentral intermediary metabolism−44.1
YPO0915ribose 5-phosphate isomerase ArpiAPentose phosphate pathway−124.7

Protein synthesis and repair

YPO0242polypeptide deformylasefmsProtein modification and repair−4.1
y0688protein chain initiation factor IF-2infBTranslation−30.2
YPO3074peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase BppiBProtein folding and stabilization−405.1
YPO023330S ribosomal protein S4ramAProtein synthesis−3.2
YPO374850S ribosomal protein L7/L12rplLProtein synthesis−6.7
YPO022850S ribosomal protein L15rplOProtein synthesis−11.4
YPO022550S ribosomal protein L18rplRProtein synthesis−8.7
YPO021850S ribosomal protein L29rpmCProtein synthesis−11.6
y029950S ribosomal subunit protein L31rpmEProtein synthesis−15.1

Transport

YPO2672putative urea transporterTransport and binding proteins−33.3
YPO3156ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit ClpXlopCCarbohydrate transport−29.3
YPO1783ferritinrsgA/ftnIron transport−12.4

Type III Secretion System

YPO2905attachment invasion locus proteinailInvasion of eukaryotic cells;
Type III Secretion System
−3.3
YPCD1.67cputative protein-tyrosine phosphatase Yop effectoryopHType III secretion effector protein−100.7
YPCD1.71cputative targeted effector proteinyopJ/yopPType III secretion effector protein−68.2
FC

YPCD1.72cputative targeted effector protein kinaseypkAType III secretion effector protein−21.2
YPCD1.40putative Yops secretion ATP synthaseyscNType III secretion system component−30.7
YPCD1.42putative type III secretion proteinyscPType III secretion system component−66.9

Other functions

y0223cold shock-like proteincspIResponse to cold shock−68.7
YPO1363putative virulence factorPathogenesis−34.8
y0815superoxide dismutase precursor (Cu-Zn)sodCResistance to reactive oxygen species−18.2

Unknown functions

various genes (y3398, YPO0130, 0198, 1087, 1560, 1996, 2153, 2854, and 3699)

Functions were obtained from the CMR online database (http://cmr.jcvi.org) and from the literature. FC = fold-change, which was calculated as the ratio between the hybridization signals for that gene in the Y. pestis Δlpp mutant and WT bacteria (Δlpp/WT). Expression differences were deemed as statistically significant if the fold-change was 1.5 and value . A negative sign (“−”) before the FC indicates down-regulation of the gene in the Y. pestis Δlpp mutant, relative to the WT strain. FCs for genes with unknown functions (grouped together in the last line) ranged from −9.3 to −903.2.