Transcriptome Sequencing of Gynostemma pentaphyllum to Identify Genes and Enzymes Involved in Triterpenoid Biosynthesis

Figure 1

Triterpenoid synthesis pathway. Note: AACT: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase; HMGS: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase; HMG-CoA: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA; HMGR: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase; MVA: mevalonate; MK: mevalonate kinase; MVAP: mevalonate phosphate; MPK: mevalonate phosphate kinase; MVAPP: mevalonate diphosphate; MDC: mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; G3P: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate acetaldehydetransferase; DXPS: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase; DXP: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate; DXR: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase; MEP: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate; MCT: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; CDP-ME: 4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol; CDP-ME2P: 2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol; MECPP: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate; HDS: l-hydroxy-2-methyl-butenyl-4-diphosphate synthase; HMBPP: l-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl-4-diphosphate; HDR: 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase; IPP: isopentenyl-PP; IDI: isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase; DMAPP: dimethylallyl-PP; GPS: geranyl-diphosphate synthase; GPS: geranyl-diphosphate synthase; GPPS: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; GPP: geranylgeranyl diphosphate; FPS: farnesyl diphosphate synthase; GGPPS: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; GGPP: geranylgeranyl diphosphate; SS: squalene synthase; and SE: squalene epoxidase.