Latitudinal and Local Time Variation of Ionospheric Turbulence Parameters during the Conjugate Point Equatorial Experiment in Brazil

Figure 2

Geometry of propagation through a layer of field-aligned irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere. The coordinate system is defined with the origin at the ionospheric penetration point which is located at the center of the scattering layer. The continuously displaced coordinate system follows the principal propagation direction. At each point along the propagation path the 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧 axes point toward geomagnetic north, geomagnetic east, and downward, respectively.