Stratification of the Low-Latitude and Near-Equatorial F2 Layer, Topside Ionization Ledge, and F3 Layer: What We Know about This? A Review
Figure 13
Latitudinal distribution of foF2 (top) for quite time on 19 April 1979 (a), 19 May 1980 (b), and 25 April 1979 (c). Solid lines: at the ledge occurrence, thick dashed lines: without ledge on adjacent satellite passes, thin dashed lines with points: foF3. The bottom panel shows the same for hmF2 and hmF3. Thick lines: geomagnetic field lines, thin lines: electron density contours ( in 106 cm−3), : satellite height. The data and local time are indicated at all plots. From Karpachev et al. [52].
