Multimodal Liver-Directed Management of Neuroendocrine Hepatic Metastases

Table 4

Summary of outcomes for ablation of neuroendocrine liver metastases. DFS: disease-free survival; MWA: microwave ablation; NET: neuroendocrine tumor; OS: overall survival; PFS: progression-free survival; RFA: radiofrequency ablation.

Author, publication year	No. of ablated patients	Median followup, months	Survival data	Comments
Karabulut, 2011 [31]	68 [RFA]	22	Median PFS: 10.5 months; Median OS: 73 months	No significant overall survival difference between RFA and resection
Akylidiz, 2010 [71]	89 [RFA; 78 with NETs of GI origin, 11 medullary thyroid cancer]	30	Median DFS: 15.6 months; Median OS: 72 months	Liver tumor volume (>76 cc versus <30 cc, 𝑃=.04), symptoms (present versus absent, 𝑃=.04), extrahepatic disease (𝑃=.02)
Martin, 2010 [65]	11 [MWA; 7 with concomitant hepatectomy; 6 with concomitant extrahepatic resection]	36	Median DFS: 8 months; Median OS: 18 months	Zero recurrences at ablation site
Mazzaglia, 2007 [62]	63 [RFA; 24 with extrahepatic disease at time of 1st ablation; 9 patients with medullary thyroid cancer]	34	Median OS: 47 months after 1st RFA; 5-year survival: 48%	Male gender [3x mortality risk of female] (𝑃=.04), largest tumor >3 cm (𝑃=.03)
Seifert, 1998 [70]	13 [cryoablation]	13.5	12 patients alive at the end of followup (up to 103 months)	All 7 symptomatic patients had subjective improvement
Shapiro, 1998 [72]	5 [cryoablation]	30	1-year survival: 60% 2-year survival: 40%	All 5 patients had relief of carcinoid syndrome