The Nude Mouse as Model for Liver Deficiency Study and Treatment and Xenotransplantation

Table 1

Literature review of xenogenic liver cell transplantation in immunodeficient mouse models.

Reference	Year	Recipient animal	Induced liver deficiency model	Transplanted cells	Duration of the study	Engraftment efficiency (%) and outcome	Precised mouse type
Vidal et al. [18]	2008	Nude mice	Jo2 250 𝜇g/kg weekly	Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocyte	3 weeks	4.2%	Balb/c Nude mice
Rhim et al. [19]	1995	uPA-Nude mice	uPA	Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocyte	8 weeks	Reach 100%	uPA mice crossed with Swiss athymic nude (nu/nu) mice
Mahieu-Caputo et al. [20]	2004	Nude mice	PHx 50%	Human fetal hepatoblast (11–13 WG)	6 weeks	0.05 to 5%; (increased if liver biopsies were repeated)	Athymic mice
Nowak et al. [21]	2005	Nude mice	GalN IP 0.7 g/kg 36 h prior to transplantation	CD117+/CD34+/Lin-human fetal liver cell (6–10 WG)	4 weeks	4-5%; (differentiation into mature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes)	C57 Black/nude mice
Joshi et al. [22]	2012	Nude mice	Retrorsine 70 mg/kg and PHx 30%	Human fetal hepatocyte/liver mesenchymal cell	4 weeks	12%; (MSC enhanced liver repopulation)	C57BL/6 nude mice
Woo et al. [23]	2012	Nude mice	CCl4 10 𝜇L/20 g	Hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cell (iPS)	5 weeks	20–23%; (hepatoprotective effect obtained by delivering trophic factors)	Balb/c nude mice
Banas et al. [24]	2009	Nude mice	CCl4 10 𝜇L/20 g	Adipose-derived stem cells derived hepatocyte-like cells	One day	?; (Protect against liver damage)	Balb/c nude mice
Jiang et al. [25]	2010	SCID beige mice	Jo2 0.2 mg/kg weekly	Human HepaRG cell line	10 weeks	15–20%	SCID beige mice
Su et al. [26]	2011	Fah^−/−Nod/SCID mice and FK506 treatment	Fah	Human hepatocyte	6 weeks	0.6–18%; (chimerism successful in 8/14 mice)	Fah^−/−Nod/SCID mice
Azuma et al. [27]	2007	Fah^−/−/Rag2^−/−/Il2Rg^−/− mice	uPA adenovirus transfert	Human hepatocyte	8 to 12 weeks	>1% for 17/73 mice; >30% for 7/17	Fah/Rag2/Il2rg triple; mutants
Dandri et al. [28]	2001	uPA/Rag2^−/− mice	uPA	Human hepatocyte	4 weeks	2–10%; (But no engraftment in 3/10 mice)	uPA/Rag2^−/− mice
Haridass et al. [29]	2009	uPA^+/−/rag2^−/−/γc^−/−	uPA	Mouse and human hepatocyte and fetal liver cell	3 months	Mouse hepatocyte 46%; Mouse fetal cells 5–12%; Human hepatocyte 10%; Human fetal cells 2.7%	uPA^+/−/rag2^−/−/γc^−/− mice
Hasegawa et al. [30]	2011	TK-NOG mice	Ganciclovir	Human hepatocyte	Up to 8 months	43%	Nonobese diabetic/SCID/IL2Rγ ^−/− mice
Douglas et al. [31]	2010	vTK-SCID/uPA	Hepatic failure induced by Gancyclovir (for hepatocyte bearing HSVtk plasmide)	Human hepatocyte	8 weeks	No survival of mice	SCID/uPA mice

WG: weeks of gestation, PHx: partial hepatectomy, GalN: Galactosamine, uPA: uroplasminogen activator, Fah: fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, MSC: mesenchymal stem cells, and CCl₄: carbon tetrachloride.