Alcohol Activates TGF-Beta but Inhibits BMP Receptor-Mediated Smad Signaling and Smad4 Binding to Hepcidin Promoter in the Liver
Figure 9
Smad4 Binding to Mouse Hepcidin Promoter. Chromatin was isolated from the livers of mice fed with regular (control) or ethanol-containing (alcohol) Lieber-De Carli liquid diets. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed with anti-Smad4 antibody (a) or normal rabbit IgG (control) (c). The coimmunoprecipitated DNA and total input DNA (control) (b) were subjected to PCR to amplify a 321 base pair mouse hepcidin promoter region, as described in Materials and Methods. (d) Ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels from different experiments () were scanned to quantify the amount of Smad4 co-immunoprecipitated DNA by normalizing to input DNA.
