Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Table 2

Various HCC biomarkers and their clinical use.

HCC marker	Clinical use
Alpha-fetoprotein	Early diagnosis, monitoring, and recurrence
Lens culinaris agglutinin reactive AFP (AFP-L3%)	Early diagnosis and prognosis, vascular invasion
Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP)	Early diagnosis and prognosis, portal vein invasion and metastasis
Gamma-glutamyl transferase	Early diagnosis complementary to other markers
Alpha-l-fucosidase	Early diagnosis
Glypican-3	Early diagnosis
Human carbonyl reductase 2	Prognosis
Golgi phosphoprotein 2	Tumor aggressiveness
Transforming growth factor beta	Tumor invasiveness
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)	Prognosis and disease recurrence
Transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b)	Prognosis invasiveness
Tumor specific growth factor	Diagnosis complementary to other markers
Epidermal growth factor receptor family	Early recurrence
Hepatocyte growth factor	Metastasis reduced survival
Micro RNAs	Tumor spread and survival