Table 1: Common causes of portal hypertension in children and suggested management.

Cause Treatment Comment   (1) Endoscopic   Portal vein obstruction (2) Meso-Rex shunt Endoscopic treatment consists on elastic banding or sclerotherapy   (3) DSR or mesocaval shunt   Biliary atresia (1) Endoscopic Screening at age of 1, prophylaxis in high-risk varices (2) Liver transplantation   (1) Endoscopic Need repetitive anesthetics Cystic fibrosis (2) DSR or meso-caval shunt Risk of pulmonary complications and worsening encephalopathy   (3) Liver transplantation When good respiratory function   (1) Endoscopic   Congenital hepatic fibrosis (2) DSR or meso-caval shunt When recurrent cholangitis (need to consider liver and kidney tranplantation)   (3) Liver transplantation     (1) Endoscopic   Other cirrhosis (2) DSR or meso-caval shunt If good liver function   (3) Liver transplantation In end-stage liver disease

DSR: distal spleno-renal shunt.