Review Article
Changes in the Perceived Epidemiology of Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Table 2
Epidemiology study on primary aldosteronism.
| Author | Ref. | Clinical setting | Number of Patients | Type of study | Diagnostic Criteria | Confirmatory test for PA | Prevalence |
| Conn 1967 | [17] | Hypothesis | | | | | 10% | Fishman et al. 1969 | [2] | Hospital | 90 EH | Prospective | Increased aldosterone or suppressed PRA levels | No | <1% | Gordon et al. 1990 | [18] | Hospital | 52 EH | Prospective | ARR | Yes | 12% | Gordon et al. 1994 | [19] | Hospital | 199 EH | Prospective | ARR | Yes | 8.5–12% | Fardella et al. 2000 | [20] | Hospital | 305 EH | Prospective | ARR > 25 | Yes | 9.5% | | | | 205 NT | | | | | Newton-Cheh et al. 2008 | [14] | General pract. | 3326 EH | Retrospective | Aldosterone/plasma renin > 26 ng/L mU/L | No | 7.9–31.1% | Olivieri et al. 2004 | [21] | General pract. | 412 EH | Prospective | Aldosterone/active renin > 32 pg/mL | No | 32.4% | Rossi et al. 2006 | [22] | Hospital | 1125 EH | Prospective | ARR > 25 | Yes | 11.2% | Williams et al. 2006 | [23] | Hospital | 347 EH | Prospective | ARR > 25 | Yes | 3.4% | Calhoun et al. 2002 | [24] | Hospital—RH | 88 EH | Prospective | PRA < 1 ng/mL/h | Yes | 20% | | | | | | u.Aldosterone > 12 pg/24 h | | | Gallay 2001 | [25] | Hospital—RH | 90 EH | prospective | ARR > 100 | Yes | 19% | Strauch et al. 2003 | [26] | Hospital—RH | 402 EH | prospective | ARR > 100 | Yes | 19% | Di Murro et al. 2010 | [27] | Hospital—OSA | 325 EH | prospective | ARR > 40 | Yes | 33.9% | Mukherjee et al. 2010 | [28] | Hospital—diabetes | 100 EH | prospective | ARR > 550 | Yes | 13% | | | | | | Aldosterone = pmol/L | | | Unpierrez et al. 2007 | [29] | Hospital—diabetes | 100 EH | prospective | ARR > 30 | Yes | 14% |
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RH: resistant hypertension; OSA: obstructive apnea syndrome; EH: essential hypertension; NT: normotensive patients; ARR: aldosterone/plasma renin activity.
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