The Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor in Brain Functions: An Update

Figure 1

Summary of the brain renin angiotensin system (RAS). The figure summarizes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensins I and II through fragments. The biologically active forms include angiotensins II, III, IV, and (1–7). The main enzymatic pathways are mediated by renin and angiotensin converting enzyme ACE or ACE2, AP-N and AP-A. The major brain effects of angiotensins are mediated by AT₁, AT₂, AT₄, prorenin, and Mas receptors. The functions associated with each receptor are indicated. ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; AP-A: aminopeptidase A; AP-N: aminopeptidase N, adapted from Phillips and Oliveira, 2008 [3] and from Wright and Harding, 2012 [4].