Resistant Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Table 1

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on resistant hypertension.

Study	Study design, population	Sample size (𝑛)	Intervention	Results
Logan et al., 2003 [6]	Prospective observational, refractory HTN, AHI ≥ 10	11	CPAP for 2 nights in sleep lab and then 2 months	CPAP used ↓ BP acutely and over two months
Martinez -Garcia et al., 2007 [7]	Prospective observational, difficult to treat HTN, AHI ≥ 15	33	CPAP for 2 months	CPAP ↓ systolic BP, particularly at night
Dernaika et al., 2009 [8]	Retrospective chart review, observational, HTN, AHI > 5	98	CPAP therapy for 1 year, controlled HTN (𝑛 56) versus resistant HTN; (𝑛 42)	CPAP permitted deescalation of anti-HTN treatment in 71% of subjects with resistant HTN, no significant change in controlled HTN
Lozano et al., 2010 [9]	Prospective randomized controlled parallel trial, resistant HTN, AHI ≥ 15	75	CPAP (𝑛 38) versus conventional treatment (𝑛 37)	CPAP for 3 months led to ↓ in 24 hr ABP in patients who used CPAP > 5.8 hr/night

24 hr ABP: 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, AHI: apnea hypopnea index, BP: blood pressure, CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure, HTN: hypertension.