International Journal of Hypertension

Research Article

Linking Sleep to Hypertension: Greater Risk for Blacks

Table 3

Multivariate-adjusted hierarchal logistic regression analysis indicating odds ratios (ORs) associated with the presence of hypertension based on interactions between short/long sleep duration and black and white race/ethnicity. Model adjustments were Model 1 adjusted for age, and sex; Model 2 adjusted for Model 1 + education, income, alcohol use, smoking, physical activity, and body mass index; Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 + emotional distress, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke.


Variables	Short sleep (<6 hours)					Long sleep (>8 hours)
		OR	95% CI		Sufficient Sleep (6–8 hours)		OR	95% CI
			Upper	Lower				Lower	Upper

Sleep*Race
Unadjusted	<0.001	1. 34^¥	1.02	1.75	1.0 (Referent)	<0.001	1.37^¥	1.07	1.75
Model 1^a	<0.001	1.30^¥	0.97	1.74	1.0 (Referent)	<0.001	1.12^¥	0.83	1.50
Model 2^b	<0.001	1.08^¥	0.81	1.45	1.0 (Referent)	<0.001	1.01	0.74	1.38
Model 3^c	<0.001	0.95	0.71	1.28	1.0 (Referent)	<0.001	1.03	0.74	1.43

Values significant than 1.0.
¹Reference category is white for race/ethnicity and habitual sleep duration of 6 to 8.