Impact of Diabetes on Cardiovascular Disease: An Update
Table 1
Differences of the effects of glycemic control in cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes.
UKPDS-10 years
VADT
ADVANCE
ACCORD
Sample size
5,102*
1,791
11,140
10,251
Followup (years)
10
5.6
5
3.4
Baseline characteristics
Age (years)
54
60.4
58
62.2
Duration of diabetes (years)
Recently diagnosed
11.5
8
10
Presence of cardiovascular disease
9%
40%
32%
35%
Presence of microvascular complications
18%
62%
10%
Albuminuria 14.0 (6.9–45.8)#
A1c levels
6.2%
8.3%
7.5%
8.3%
Effects of intensive treatment
Difference in A1c levels (intensive/conventional)
7.0/7.9%
6.9/8.4%
6.5/7.3%
6.4/7.5%
Reduction in macrovascular events
Sulfa/insulin group ↓15% MI, ↓13% death Metformin group ↓33% MI, ↓27% death
NS
NS
↓Nonfatal MI ↑Death
Reduction in microvascular events (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, or neuropathy)
↓24% (combined)
NS
↓incident nephropathy
—
NS: nonstatistically significant. A1c: glycated hemoglobin; MI: myocardial infarction.
*3,277 posttrial monitoring.
#The percentage of subjects with microvascular complications is not available. Ratio of urinary albumin (mg) to creatinine (g); median (Interquartile range).