Beta-Blockers in the Management of Hypertension and/or Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 1

Plausible reasons for beta-blockers being relatively ineffective for the prevention of cardiovascular events.

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Less effective lowering of the blood pressure

Visit-to-visit blood pressure instability

Less effective lowering of the central blood pressure

Less effective regression of the left ventricular hypertrophy

Unfavorable metabolic effects

Less effective vascular protection

Reduced drug compliance

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